OPTOELECTRONIC DEVICES AND METHODS FOR STUDYING COMBUSTION AND EXPLOSION PROCESSES
Аннотация и ключевые слова
Аннотация (русский):
The main objective of this book is to acquaint the reader with the main modern problems of the multisensor data analysis and opportunities of the hyperspectral shooting being carried out in the wide range of wavelengths from ultraviolet to the infrared range, visualization of the fast combustion processes of flame propagation and flame acceleration, the limit phenomena at flame ignition and propagation. The book can be useful to students of the high courses and scientists dealing with problems of optical spectroscopy, vizualisation, digital recognizing images and gaseous combustion. The main goal of this book is to bring to the attention of the reader the main modern problems of multisensory data analysis and the possibilities of hyperspectral imaging, carried out in a broad wave-length range from ultraviolet to infrared by methods of visualizing fast combustion processes, propagation and flames acceleration, and limiting phenomena during ignition and flame propagation. The book can be useful for students of higher courses and experimental scientists dealing with problems of optical spectroscopy, visualization, pattern recognition and gas combustion.

Ключевые слова:
Remote measurements, optoelectronic methods, multisensor data analysis, hyper spectral shooting, ramjet engine, Catalytic Stabilization
Текст
Optoelectronic devices such as the domestic line of hyperspectral sensors of the optical range and the UV-C sensor, developed and created at «SPC «Reagent» CJSC are considered. A photo-integrated CMOS sensor performs registration of hyperspectral images. The main technical characteristics of the sensors and examples of hyperspectral RGB images obtained during the tests are presented. Key words: hyperspectrometer, objective, diaphragm bundle, dispersing device, photo-integrated matrix, prism, resolution, sensor The optoelectronic devices that will be discussed in this chapter include hyperspectrometers and ultraviolet sensors in the wavelength range of 250-280 nm (UV-C sensors). As mentioned in Chapter 1, modern hyperspectrometers provide detailed spatial and spectral information about the type and state of probed natural and anthropogenic objects on the earth's surface. It also gives information about various dynamic processes, for example, combustion and explosion processes, which will be discussed below. The interest shown in such devices is explained by the fact that due to the Gaussian distribution of the instantaneous values of the electromagnetic field entering the sensor lens. All the useful information contained in the optical signal is displayed in the spectrum. The more accurately the spectrum envelope of the received radiation is reproduced, the more information can be extracted from it [1]. It is no coincidence, therefore, that the developers strive to increase the number of spectral channels and higher spectral resolution of sensors from units of spectral channels of multispectral devices to several hundred and thousands of channels in hyperspectrometers. Hyperspectrometers can be used with aircraft (aircraft, helicopters, uncrewed aerial vehicles), satellites, in ground and laboratory research. The data of hyperspectral measurements are especially useful for solving such complex problems as detecting small objects, identifying the composition of the objects under study and dynamic processes, differentiating closely related classes of objects, assessing biochemical and geophysical parameters, etc. Only hyperspectral measurements can reveal small spectral differences between individual elements of an object. A hyperspectrometer is an optoelectronic sensor that allows simultaneous measurement of spectral and spatial coordinates. This chapter deals with push broom hyperspectrometers, which measure a narrow band of emitting, reflecting or scattering surfaces. Registration is carried out on a two-dimensional matrix, along one coordinate of which the spatial coordinate x is fixed (along a narrow band of the recorded surface), and along the other - the spectral one. As a rule, the third coordinate y is formed due to the movement of the hyperspectrometer by some kind of carrier (airplane, helicopter, car, satellite), or this movement is carried out using a rotating device. In fig. 1, the process of hyperspectral remote sensing using a delivery aircraft is demonstrated. The basic concept of hyperspectral imaging is the "hypercube" shown in Fig. 2. Fig. 1. Remote sensing of the Earth by a push broom hyperspectrometer. This is the name of the set of data formed by the values of the intensity of light emitted or reflected from the investigated two-dimensional surface, conventionally divided into image elements - the pixels of the emitted light signal. Fig. 2. Hyperspectral cube. In addition to the two standard coordinates X and Y, the spectral coordinate  and the intensity of the spectral line are added, which provides the 4D dimension of the data space. If the hyperspectrometer is at rest (for example, when registering combustion and explosion processes), then, since the data sampling from the hyperspectrometer's recording device occurs in frames accumulated on the hyperspectrometer's recording device for a certain time, in this case (instead of the Y coordinate) coordinate t - time occurs. In other words, it becomes possible to study the temporal characteristics of the processes occurring on a narrow strip of the surface. In this case, the 4D array is formed by the x coordinate, the spectral coordinate - by the wavelength , the intensity of the spectral line I and the time t. Unfortunately, in Russia in this branch of technology there was a certain lag behind the developments carried out by a number of foreign countries. significant efforts are being made to create promising hyperspectral sensors to correct radically the current situation in Russia. In particular, the team of employees of SPC"Reagent" CJSC, the Space Research Institute RAS, the Ishlinsky Institute for Problems in Mechanics RAS has been developing hyperspectral sensors of the optical range for many years [2-5]. The experience accumulated in the course of these developments made it possible to create a line of hyperspectrometers of the 0.30 - 1.0 µm range in terms of their main technical characteristics, which are not inferior to similar foreign models. When designing a line of hyperspectrometers, special attention was paid to the calculation of their optical schemes, the choice of dispersive devices and detectors. In this regard, the purpose of this Chapter is to describe the developed line of hyperspectral modules operating in the specified range, their tactical and technical characteristics, the results of field experiments performed with their help, as well as possible areas of application of a scientific and applied nature, in particular, for remote sensing of combustion and explosion processes. The selection of a narrow band of the probed object, which is necessary for the operation of the hyperspectrometer in the push broom mode, is performed by means of a slit located in the diaphragm assembly. The diaphragm bundle is placed in the best image plane of the input lens (focal plane). When designing hyperspectral modules of the 0.30-1.0 µm range, the developers were tasked with obtaining the maximum possible values for the spatial and spectral resolution at the given values of the field of viewing. In this regard, an approach was used based on the search for various kinds of compromise solutions, which made it possible to find the optimal design option for which the optical system of hyperspectral modules was calculated. In particular, it was decided to create several hyperspectral modules with the ability to cover the entire specified spectral range. In the course of model experiments, using the Zemax program, calculations of the path of the rays in the hyperspectrometer and the circle of confusion of the spot in the plane of the photo-integrated matrix were performed to assess the potential spatial resolution of the hyperspectral modules. Based on these calculations, the designs of the hyperspectral modules were selected. In fig. 3 the path of rays in one of the hyperspectral modules (which was later called VID-IK3) is shown. In Fig. 4 an example of calculating the circle of confusion for the same module at different viewing angles of a point source (00, 6.30, 9.00, 12.60 and 180 - points 1-5) and for two wavelengths (450 and 900 nm) is presented. It follows from an analysis of Fig. 4 that the sizes of the spots lie in the range from 8 to 16 μm, which with a focal length of the module of 17 mm will correspond to the dimensions of a pixel on the earth's surface from a height of exposure of 1 km - from 0.3 to 0.6 m. Based on the calculations performed, an experimental series of hyperspectrometers was manufactured. Various dispersive elements can be used in hyperspectrometers: a diffraction grating, a holographic grating, a prism, a combination of prisms, a combination of optical wedges and a diffraction grating, etc. One of the simplest options for implementing a dispersing element is a glass prism. Fig. 3. Calculated ray path in the VID-IK3 hyperspectral module (1 - entrance lens, 2 - diaphragm unit with a slit, 3 - collimator, 4 - dispersive element, 5 - projection lens, 6 - photo-integrated matrix) For spectral instruments, prisms are made from flints and heavy flints, since these glasses have high-refractive indices and dispersion. Both 600 refractive angle prisms and a constant deflection prism were used. Fig. 4. Circle of confusion a point in the image plane: a - for a wavelength of 450 nm; b - for a wavelength of 900 nm. In the case of a prism with a refractive angle of 600, there is still no total internal reflection from the second surface and a high dispersion is achieved. In one of the hyperspectral modules, in order to reduce its size, a prism of constant deflection angle of 900 (Abbe prism) was used (see Fig. 3, structural element 4). All hyperspectral modules have the same functional diagram (see Fig. 5). Each module of the line is made in the form of a monoblock without a single fixing plate. Measurements of the spectral resolution of the hyperspectral modules were carried out. Fig. 5. Functional diagram of hyperspectral modules (correspondence of numbers to elements coincides with Fig. 3). In fig. 6, digit 1 shows the measured dependence of the resolution capability  of the VID-IK3 module on the wavelength, and digit 2 shows the fitting, where  is the wavelength, which corresponds to theoretical calculations for a prism hyperspectrometer. Fig. 6. Dependence of the resolution capability of the IK-VID3 module on the wavelength: 1 - measured; 2 - fitting . The hyperspectral modules of the line have small variations in the values of the spectral range and differ significantly in the magnitude of the angle of the field of viewing. Therefore, the choice of their specific version should be determined by the complex of tasks to be solved. Different values of the angle of the field of viewing of hyperspectral modules are achieved by changing the focal length of their optical systems. In addition, the VID-IK1 module, unlike the other three modules, is equipped with a thermal stabilization system, which led to an increase in its weight up to 11 kg. The technical characteristics of the hyperspectral modules are shown in Table 1, and their photographs are shown in Fig. 7. Table 1 Characteristics of hyperspectral modules No. Characteristics Hyperspectral modules UF–VID VID–IK1 VID–IK2 VID–IK3 1. Spectral range, μm 0,35-0,55 0,45-1,0 0,45-0,9 0,4-1,0 2. Covering power, degrees 60 60 20 35 3. Spatial resolution from a height of 1 km, m from 0,3 4. Number of channels to 500 5. Frame rate, 1/s to 70 6. Weight, kg 6,6 11 1,95 3,2 7. Dimensions (LxWxH), mm3 590х310х102 575х315х135 400х180х80 425х230х84 All hyperspectral modules can be equipped with a compact processing system (preprocessing, including calibration, as well as thematic processing) and data storage in real time. In the case of using the developed airborne hyperspectrometers, they are integrated with the on-board navigation system and provide data transfer to communication channels. These systems adapt at the request of the consumer to specific media and purpose. Fig. 7. Line of hyperspectral modules: 1 - UF-VID module (0.30-0.5 microns); 2 - VID-IK1 module (0.45-1.0 μm) (with thermal stabilization); 3 - VID-IK2 module (4) (0.45-0.9) μm; 4- VID-IK3 (2) module (0.4-1.0 μm). As a demonstration of the capabilities of the VID-IK3 hyperspectrometer, Fig. 8 shows the dependence of the spectral density of the dispersion radiance by the barite screen of normalized solar emission. Fraunhofer lines are clearly visible. Fig. 8. Spectral density of the dispersion radiance by the barite screen of normalized solar emission. «SPC «Reagent» CJSC has also developed hyperspectrometers for the wavelength range 900-1800 nm (BIK1) and 900-2500 nm (BIK2). These hyperspectrometers are the same in design, but differ only in the photodetector. Therefore, we will consider only the BIK1 hyperspectrometer. The BIK1 hyperspectrometer, the optical system of which is shown in Fig. 9, contains an entrance objective lense 1, a diaphragm bundle 2, a collimator 3, consisting of two sections 4 and 5. These sections are installed at an angle to each other, the optimal value of the rotation angle is 900. A mirror 6 is placed between the sections of the collimator. A dispersing unit made in the form of a diffraction grating 7 is installed behind the collimator section 5. Further, along the path of the beams, the output lens 8 and the photodetector matrix 9 are installed. Fig. 9. Optical system of the BIK1 hyperspectrometer. In the course of model experiments, using the Zemax program, we calculated the coordinates of the path of the rays in the hyperspectrometer and the circle of confusion of spot in the plane of the photodetector array in order to assess its potential spatial resolution. An example of calculating the circle of confusion for sighting a point source is shown in fig. 10, and in Fig. 11 - coordinates of beams for different wavelengths in the image plane of the hyperspectrometer. It follows from analysis of Fig. 10 and 11 that the sizes of the circles of confusion are in the range from 1.7-10 µm, depending on the wavelength λ and the angular field 2ω along the transverse strip of the viewing area (see the table in the upper right part of Fig. 10). Thus, the spot is significantly smaller than the pixel size of the used photodetector matrix (30 µm x 30 µm). With a lens focal length of 15.4 mm, the size of a pixel on the earth's surface from a shooting height of 1 km will be 2 m (i.e., the angular resolution will be 2·10-3 rad). The optimal design of the BIK1 hyperspectrometer was chosen after taking into account these calculations. Fig. 10. Diagrams of circle of confusion for the instantaneous field of view of the BIK1 device. Fig. 11. Coordinates of beams for different wavelengths in the image plane of the hyperspectrometer. Spectral calibration of the BIK1 hyperspectrometer was carried out using a monochromator according to the correspondence of the matrix pixel number to the wavelength (black squares in Fig. 12). Fig. 12. Graph of correspondence of the pixel number of the matrix and the wavelength of the light beam. The red line in Fig. 12 shows a linear approximation of the measurement results. It can be stated that the measurements and the linear dependence are in good agreement, which indicates the efficiency of the calculations of the hyperspectrometer design. Technical characteristics of the BIK1 module are given in table. 2, and its appearance in Fig. 13. Table 2. Basic technical characteristics of the BIK1 module. Parameter Value Spectral range, nm 900 - 1800 Angle of field of view, degrees 35 Width of spectral channels within the specified spectral range, nm 3,2 Number of spectral channels 250 Number of pixels in a spatial coordinate 320 Angular resolution, rad 2х10-3 Weight, kg 8 Fig. 13. External view of the BIK1 hyperspectrometer. In laboratory conditions, the spectral resolution of hyperspectrometers has been studied. Thus, the spectra of a mercury lamp for the VID IK3 sensor in Fig. 14a and in Fig. 14b for BIK1 is shown. These measurements indicate a good resolution of the sensors under study. Fig. 14. Spectra of a mercury lamp measured with a VID-IK3 (a) hyperspectrometer and BIK1 (b). In some experiments, an assembly of two sensors, VID-IK3 and BIK, was used to measure radiation in the wavelength range of 400–1800 (2500) nm. An external view of the hyperspectrometers assembly is shown in Fig. 15. Here, the number 1 denotes the VID-IK3 hyperspectrometer, and the number 2 denotes the BIK hyperspectrometer in the casing. Fig. 15. Complex of hyperspectrometers VID-IK3 and BIK. It should be emphasized that it is difficult to find a field of science, technology, and the national economy where hyperspectrometers could not be used with great success. So in work [6] about 30 possible applications are noted only in remote experimental studies of regional and global processes in the terrestrial environment using space hyperspectral and infrared sensors. Let us consider the possibility of one of the very interesting applications of hyperspectrometers in the simultaneous use of both a hyperspectrometer and high-speed color filming for laboratory study of combustion and explosion processes. A experimental design laboratory with the combined use of a hyperspectral sensor and a high-speed camera is shown in Fig. 16. Here 1 is a reactor in which a combustion or explosion occurs. 2 is an optical leucosapphire window that allows radiation to pass in the wavelength range of 200 - 6000 nm. And 3 is a narrow band recorded by a hyperspectrometer. Fig. 16 demonstrates the process of hyperspectral imaging of combustion and explosion in laboratory conditions using a VID-IK3 hyperspectrometer. The ray propagation scheme in the hyperspectrometer is shown in Fig. 17a (the object numbers correspond to the numbers in Fig. 5). Fig. 16. Scheme of an experiment on the combined use of a hyperspectrometer and high-speed filming to study combustion and explosion processes. Fig. 17. Stages of the process of hyperspectral imaging of combustion and explosion in laboratory conditions. The spectrometer field of view provides a view of a narrow bamd along the reactor window (line 3 in Fig. 16). In fig. 17b hyperspectral data (hypercube) in pseudo-RGB colors (horizontal - spatial coordinates of the red stripe, and vertical - dependence on shooting time) are shown. In fig. 17c, the emission spectrum corresponding to one of the points of the hypercube and depending on the position on the survey line and time is demonstrated. The use of a high-speed cine camera makes it possible to compare the recorded spectrum of the video frame of the combustion mode under study at the same moment in time, which provides unique information about the peculiarities of the process in the given volume elements. Chapters 4-7 of this book discuss in detail the combined application of hyperspectral measurements in conjunction with high-speed color filming to various modes of the combustion process: laminar, cellular and turbulent flames. Let us consider a promising development of «SPC «Reagent» CJSC, which was mentioned in Chapter 1, an ultraviolet sensor for the wavelength range of 250-280 nm (UV-C sensor). Several variants of such a sensor have been developed. The UV-C sensor "Corona 30" is discussed below. The interest in the 250-280 nm region is due to the fact that this range has a relatively low level of background noise. Solar radiation is the main source of natural interference in the optical range. However, thanks to the planet's ozone layer, as well as the atmosphere, the bulk of solar radiation in the 250-280 nm region is blocked. The spectrum of optical solar radiation that reaches the earth's surface is concentrated in the regions of visible and infrared radiation (Fig. 18). Fig. 18. Ultraviolet radiation passing through the Earth's atmosphere. It can be seen from this figure that the spectral range below 280 nm can be characterized as free from solar radiation (solar-blind). The absence of natural interference caused by solar radiation, the low level of background interference in the UV range, makes the solar-blind range very attractive for the creation of photodetector equipment that solves various technical problems. The peculiarities of UV sensors developed by «SPC «Reagent» CJSC are the ability to determine the coordinates of a detected photon, work in a monophotonic mode and determine the time of arrival of a photon. This provides the sensor with a unique ability to measure the time dependence of the detected radiation and analyze this dependence. Thus, the created sensor acquires an innovative quality i.e. the determination of the characteristics of the UV radiation source, which radically increases the potential of the created sensor in comparison with the existing Russian and foreign counterparts. Fig. 19. Photo of the "Corona 30" device Some of the characteristics of this sensor are indicated in Table 3. Table 3. Features of "Corona 30" sensor Characteristic Value Spectral range, nm 250 – 280 Field of view, degrees 30 Spatial resolution, mrad 1 Time resolution, ns 1 The design and operation of the UV sensor is shown in Fig. 20. Fig. 20. Figure explaining the device and principle of operation of the "Corona 30" sensor The device consists of (fig. 20): entrance objective 1, time - Position Sensitive Detector (PSD) 2 with electronic paths, calculator 3, number 4 corresponds to the output data - coordinates and time of arrival of the registered photon. The entrance lens consists of a lens system made of crystals with good transmission of the selected UV range while suppressing other wavelengths and UV filters. Thanks to the entrance lens, a solar-blind mode of registration of UV radiation is provided, and the sensor can work in conditions of intense solar radiation entering the objective. The transmitted photon  enters the photocathode of the PSD detector. The suppression factor of photons with wavelengths other than the range of 250-280 nm after passing through the lens and detector can reach 10-14. PSD provides determination of the angular coordinates of photon reception and determination of the time of its arrival. More details about the operation of UV sensors can be found in [7-9]. The developed sensor is applicable in various fields of science and technology. Chapter 1 demonstrated the use of UV sensors for fire detection. One of the practically important applications is the use of this sensor for remote diagnostics of high voltage alternating current electrical installations and, in particular, power lines (PTL) [10]. This is because a corona discharge occurs on such electrical installations, and especially on electrical insulators of power transmission lines, accompanied by UV radiation. Also, this sensor is promising for optical location, providing good spatial resolution and the ability to operate at any time of the day. The UV sensor can be used in aircraft landing systems [11] and in many other applications. Conclusions for Chapter 2. Optoelectronic devices such as the domestic line of hyperspectral sensors of the optical range and the UV-C sensor, developed and created at "SPC"Reagent" CJSC, are considered. A schematic diagram of a laboratory experiment to study combustion and explosion processes with the combined use of a hyperspectral sensor and a high-speed cine camera is presented.
Список литературы

1. Vision system overview, C&PS Flight Technical Services, 2013. https://www.mygdc.com/ assets / public_files / gdc_services / pilot_services / presentations / Vision_Systems_Overview.pdf

2. Rodionov I. D., Rodionov A. I., Vedeshin L. A., Vinogradov A. N., Yegorov V.V.,. Kalinin A.P. Aviation hyperspectral complexes for solving problems of remote sensing, Earth exploration from space. 2013. No. 6. P. 81-93.

3. Kalinin A. P., Orlov A. G., Rodionov A. I. Troshin K. Ya. Demonstration of the possibility of studying combustion and explosion processes using remote hyperspectral sensing, Physical-chemical kinetics in gas dynamics. 2009. Volume 8. 12 p. http://www.chemphys.edu.ru/pdf/2009-06-18-001.pdf

4. Kalinin A. P., Troshin K. Ya. Orlov A. G. Rodionov A. I. Hyperspectrometer as a system for monitoring and studying combustion and explosion processes, Sensors and Systems, 2008, No. 12, pp.19-21.

5. RF patent. Vinogradov A. N., Kalinin A. P., Rodionov I. D., Rodionov A. I., Rodionova I. P., Rubtsov N. M., Chernysh V. I., Tsvetkov G. I., Troshin K.Ya. Device for remote study of combustion and explosion processes using hyperspectrometry and high-speed photography, Utility model. Patent No. 158856 dated July 22, 2015 Published on January 20, 2016 Bull. No. 2.

6. Belov A. A., Egorov V. V., Kalinin A. P., Korovin, Rodionov A. I., Rodionov I. D., Stepanov S. N. Ultraviolet Monophoton Sensor "Korona" Automation and Remote Control, 2014, Vol. 75, No. 12, pp. 345-349, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2014. (ISSN 0005-1179).

7. Ishimaru A. Wave Propagation and Scattering in Random Media. M.: Mir. 1980. Vol. 1. 280 p.

8. Nepobedimy S. P., Rodionov I. D., Vorontsov D. V., Orlov A. G., Kalashnikov S. K., Kalinin A. P., Ovchinnikov M. Yu., Rodionov A. I., Shilov I. B., Lyubimov V. N., Osipov A. F. Hyperspectral Earth Remote Sensing, Reports of the Academy of Sciences. 2004. Vol. 397. No. 1. P. 45-48.

9. Rodionov I. D., Rodionov A. I., Vedeshin L. A., Vinogradov A. N., Yegorov V. V., Kalinin A. P. Aviation hyperspectral complexes for solving problems of remote sensing, Earth exploration from space. 2013. No. 6. P. 81-93.

10. Yegorov V. V., Kalinin A. P., Rodionov I. D., Rodionova I. P., Orlov A. G. Hyperspectrometer - as an element of an intelligent technical vision system, Sensors and systems. 2007. No. 8, P. 33-35.

11. Vinogradov A. N., Yegorov V. V., Kalinin A. P., Rodionov A. I., Rodionov I. D. Onboard hyperspectrometer of visible and near infrared range with high spatial resolution. Contemporary problems of telecommuting. Sensing the Earth from space. 2012. Vol. 8. Number 2. P. 101-107.

12. E.L.Akim, P.Behr, K.Bries, V.V.Egorov, Е.Yu.Fedunin, A.P.Kalinin, S.K.Kalashnikov, K.-H. Kolk, S.Montenegro, A.I.Rodionov, I.D.Rodionov, M.Yu.Ovchinnikov, A.G.Orlov, S.Pletner, B.R.Shub, L.A.Vedeshin, D.V.Vorontsov, THE FIRE INFRARED-HYPERSPECTRAL MONITORING (Russian – Germany Proposals for an International Earth Observation Mission), Preprint of the Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics, Russian Academy of Sciences. № 32, 36 pp, Moscow, 2004.

13. Belov A. A., Yegorov V. V., Kalinin A. P., Korovin N. A., Rodionov A. I., Rodionov I. D., Stepanov S. N. Ultraviolet monophotonic sensor “Corona”. Sensors and systems. No. 12. 2012. P. 58-60.

14. Belov A. A., Yegorov V. V., Kalinin A. P., Korovin, Rodionov A. I., Rodionov I. D., Stepanov S. N. Ultraviolet monophotonic sensor “Corona” Automation and Remote Control, 2014, Vol. 75, No. 12, pp. 345-349.

15. Belov A. A., Yegorov V. V., Kalinin A.P., Krysiuk I. V., Osipov A. F., Rodionov A. I., Rodionov I. D., Stepanov S. N. Universal ultraviolet monophotonic sensor. Preprint IPMech RAS, No. 935, 48p, 2010.

16. Belov A. A., Yegorov V. V., Kalinin A. P., Korovin N. A., Rodionov I.D., Stepanov S. N. Application of the monophotonic sensor "Corona" for remote monitoring of the state of high-voltage equipment Chief Power Engineer No. 6 2012 p. 12-17.

17. Belov A. A., A.N. Vinogradov, Yegorov V. V., Zavalishin O. I., Kalinin A. P., Korovin N. A., Rodionov A. I., Rodionov I. D., Possibilities of using position-sensitive monophotonic UV sensors for aircraft navigation in the airfield area, Sensors and systems. 2014. No. 1. 37-42.

18. Ronney, P. D., “Premixed-Gas Flames,” in: Microgravity Combustion: Fires in Free Fall (H. Ross, Ed.), Academic Press, London, U.K., 2001, pp. 35-82.

19. F.A. Williams , J.F.Grcar, A hypothetical burning-velocity formula for very lean hydrogen–air mixtures , Proc. of the Combustion Institute. 2009. V. 32. №1. P.1351 -1360.

20. Nonsteady flame propagation, ed. by George H.Markstein, Perg.Press, Oxford, London, 1964.

21. Ya.B. Zeldovich, Selected Works. Chemical Physics and Hydrodynamics, p/r ak. Yu.A. Khariton, M :; Publishing house "Nauka", 1984, 379 pp.

22. Z. Chen and Y. Ju, Theoretical analysis of the evolution from ignition kernel to flame ball and planar flame, Combustion Theory and Modelling, Vol. 11, No. 3, Р. 427–453.

23. H. F. Coward and F. Brinsley, Influence of additives on flames, J. Chem. Soc. 105 (1914) 1859-1866.

24. P.D.Ronney, Near-limit flame structures at low Lewis number, Comb, and Flame, 1990,V.82,P.1-14.

25. Ya.B. Zeldovich, N. P. Drozdov, Diffusion phenomena at the limits of flame propagation, Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1943, Vol. 17, issue 3, pp. 134-144.

26. N.M.Rubtsov, B.S.Seplyarsky, G.I.Tsvetkov, V.I.Chernysh, Numerical investigation of the effects of surface recombination and initiation for laminar hydrogen flames at atmospheric pressure , Mendeleev Communications, 2008, V.18, P.220-222.

27. Rubtsov N.M., Seplyarsky B.S., Troshin K.Ya., Chernysh V.I., Tsvetkov G.I., Features of the propagation of laminar spherical flames initiated by a spark discharge in mixtures of methane, pentane and hydrogen with air at atmospheric pressure // Journal of Physical Chemistry, 2011, Vol. 85, issue 10, pp. 1834-1844.

28. Rubtsov N.M., Kotelkin V.D. Seplyarskii B.S., Tsvetkov G.I.,Chernysh V.I. Investigation into the combustion of lean hydrogen–air mixtures at atmospheric pressure by means of high-speed cinematography, Mendeleev Communications, 2011, V.21, N5,p. 215-217.

29. B. Lewis, G. Von Elbe, Combustion, Explosions and Flame in Gases, New York, London.: Acad.Press, 1987, P.566.

30. Dahoe A.E. Laminar burning velocities of hydrogen–air mixtures from closed vessel gas explosions, Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries. 2005. V.18. P.152-169.

31. Rubtsov N. M., Kotelkin V. D., Seplyarskiy B. S., Tsvetkov G. I., Chernysh V. I. Chemical physics and mesoscopy, V.13, issue 3, pp. 331-339.

32. G. Backstrom, Simple Fields of Physics by Finite Element Analysis (Paperback), GB Publishing (2005), P 324.

33. V. Polezhaev, S. Nikitin, Thermoacoustics and heat transfer in an enclosure induced by a wall heating, 16th International Congress on Sound and Vibration, Kraków, Poland, 5–9 July 2009, p.2-8

34. Rayleigh J.W. On convection currents in a horizontal layer of fluid, when the higher temperature is on the under side, Phil. Mag., 1916. V. 32. P. 529-546.

35. N. M. Rubtsov, V. V. Azatyan, D. I. Baklanov, G. I.Tsvetkov, V. I. Chernysh, The effect of chemically active additives on the detonation wave velocity and detonation limits in poor fuel mixtures, Theoretical foundations of Chemical Technology, 2007, Vol. 41, issue 2, 166-175.

36. T.C. Lieuwen. Experimental investigation of limit-cycle oscillations, Journal of Propulsion and Power, 2002, V.18, P.61-67.

37. Larionov V. M., Zaripov R. G. Gas self-oscillations in combustion installations. Kazan: Publishing House of Kazan State Tech. Univer., 2003. 227 p.

38. Kampen, J. F. van, Acoustic pressure oscillations induced by confined turbulent premixed natural gas flames, PhD thesis, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands, March 2006, ISBN 90-365-2277-3, Printed by Febodruk BV, Enschede, The Netherlands.

39. Williams, F. A. (1985) Combustion Theory. 2nd Ed., The Benjamin/Cummings Pub. Co., Menlo Park, Ca.

40. Ya. B. Zeldovich, G. A. Barenblatt, D.V. Makhviladze, A.B. Librovich, Mathematical theory of flame propagation, Moscow, Publishing house of the AS of the USSR, 1980, 620 pp.

41. Zeldovich Ya. B., Structure and stability of a stationary laminar flame at moderately high Reynolds numbers, Chernogolovka: Publishing house of the AS of the USSR, Preprint OIKhF, 1979, 36 pp.

42. Nickolai M. Rubtsov, Boris S. Seplyarskii, Kirill Ya.Troshin, Victor I.Chrenysh, Georgii I.Tsvetkov, Initiation and propagation of laminar spherical flames at atmospheric pressure, Mendeleev Comm., 2011, Vol. 21, P.218-221.

43. J. W. S. Rayleigh, The theory of sound. New York: Dover, 1945.

44. Putnam A.A., Dennis W.R. Organ-pipe oscillations in a burner with deep ports, JASA. 1956. Vol.28. R.260-268.

45. Al-Shahrany, AS, Bradley, D., Lawes, M., Liu, K. and Woolley, R., Darrieus-Landau and thermo-acoustic instabilities in closed vessel explosions, Combustion Science and Technology, 2006, V. 178, N10, P. 1771 -1802.

46. Maxwell, G.B. and Wheeler, R.V., Some flame characteristics of motor fuels, Ind. Eng. Chem., 1928, V. 20, 1041-1044.

47. Megalchi, M. and Keck, J.C., Burning velocities of mixtures of air with methanol, isooctane and indolene at high pressure and temperature, Combust. Flame, 1982, V. 48, P. 191-210.

48. Clanet, C., Searby, G., (1998), First experimental study of the Darrieus-Landau instability. Phys. Rev. Lett., 27, 3867-3870.

49. Clavin, P. Premixed combustion and gasdynamics. Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech. 1994, 26, 321-352.25. Nickolai M.Rubtsov, Boris S.Seplyarskii, Kirill Ya.Troshin, Victor I.Chrenysh, Georgii I.Tsvetkov, Initiation and propagation of laminar spherical flames at atmospheric pressure, Mendeleev Comm., 2011, T.21, P.218-221.

50. J. W. S. Rayleigh, The theory of sound. New York: Dover, 1945.

51. Putnam A.A., Dennis W.R. Organ-pipe oscillations in a burner with deep ports, JASA. 1956. Vol.28. Р.260-268.

52. Al-Shahrany, A. S. , Bradley, D. , Lawes, M. , Liu, K. and Woolley, R., Darrieus-Landau and thermo-acoustic instabilities in closed vessel explosions, Combustion Science and Technology, 2006, V.178, N10, P.1771 -1802.

53. Maxwell, G.B. and Wheeler, R.V., Some flame characteristics of motor fuels, Ind. Eng. Chem., 1928, V.20, 1041–1044.

54. Megalchi, M. and Keck, J.C., Burning velocities of mixtures of air with methanol, isooctane and indolene at high pressure and temperature, Combust. Flame, 1982, V.48, P.191–210.

55. Clanet, C. , Searby, G., (1998), First experimental study of the Darrieus-Landau instability. Phys. Rev. Lett., 27, 3867-3870.

56. Clavin, P. Premixed combustion and gasdynamics. Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech. 1994, 26, 321-352.

57. I. P. Solovyanova, I. S. Shabunin, Theory of wave processes. Acoustic waves, Yekaterinburg: SEI HVE USTU-UPI, ISBN 5-321-00398 X, 2004. P. 142

58. Teodorczyk Α., Lee J.H.S., Knystautas R.: The Structure of Fast Turbulent Flames in Very Rough, Obstacle-Filled Channels. Twenty-Third Symposium (Int.) on Combustion, The Combustion Institute 1990, pp. 735-741.

59. Gorev V. A. , Miroshnikov S. N., Accelerating combustion in gas volumes, Chem. Physics, 1982, No. 6, pp. 854-858.

60. Moen I.O., Donato Μ., Knystautas R., Lee J.H. and Wagner H.G.: Turbulent Flame Propagation and Acceleration in the Presence of Obstacles, Gasdynamics of Detonations and Explosions. Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics. 1981, No. 75, pp. 33-47.

61. Wagner H.G.: Some Experiments about Flame Acceleration. Proc. International Conference on Fuel-Air Explosions. SM Study 16, University of Waterloo Press, Montreal 1981, pp.77-99.

62. Nikolayev Yu.A., Topchiyan M. E. Calculation of equilibrium flows in detonation waves in gases, Physics of Combustion and Explosion, 1977, Vol. 13b No. 3, pp. 393-404.

63. A. S. Sokolik, Self-ignition, flame and detonation in gases. M: Publishing house of the AS of the USSR, 1960, 470 pp.

64. Fischer V., Pantow E. and Kratzel T., Propagation, decay and re-ignition of detonations in technical structures , in “Gaseous and heterogeneous detonations:Science to applications”, Moscow: ENASH Publishers,1999, P. 197.

65. Rubtsov N. M., Tsvetkov G. I., Chernysh V.I. Different nature of the action of small active additives on the ignition of hydrogen and methane. Kinetics and catalysis. 2007. Vol. 49. No. 3. P. 363.

66. N. M. Rubtsov, B.S. Seplyarsky, G. I. Tsvetkov, V. I. Chernysh, Influence of vapors of organometallic compounds on the processes of ignition and combustion of hydrogen, propylene and natural gas, Theoretical Foundations of Chemical Technology, 2009, Vol. 43, No. 2, pp. 187–193

67. J.H.S. Lee, R. Knystautas and C.K. Chan, Turbulent Flame Propagation in Obstacle-Filled Tubes, in 20th Symposium (International) on Combustion, The Combustion Institute, 1985, P. 1663.

68. C.K. Chan, J.H.S. Lee, I.O. Moen and P. Thibault, Turbulent Flame Acceleration and Pressure Development in Tubes, In Proc. of the First Specialist Meeting (International) of the Combustion Institute, Bordeaux, France, 1981, P.479.

69. C.J.M. Van Wingerden and J.P. Zeeuwen, Investigation of the Explosion-Enhancing Properties of a Pipe-Rack-Like Obstacle Array, Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics 1986, V.106, P.53.

70. J.C. Cummings, J.R. Torczynski and W.B. Benedick, Flame Acceleration in Mixtures of Hydrogen and Air, Sandia National Laboratory Report, SAND-86-O173, 1987.

71. W. Breitung, C. Chan, S. Dorofeev. A. Eder, B. Gelfand, M. Heitsch, R. Klein, A. Malliakos, E. Shepherd, E. Studer, P. Thibault, State-of-the-Art Report On Flame Acceleration And Deflagration-to-Detonation Transition In Nuclear Safety, Nuclear Safety NEA/CSNI/R 2000, OECD Nuclear Energy Agency, http://www.nea.fr.

72. Nickolai M. Rubtsov, The Modes of Gaseous Combustion, Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016, 294 P.

73. Poinsot, T. and D. Veynante. Theoretical and Numerical Combustion, 2001, RT Edwards, Flourtown, PA.

74. Zeldovich, Y.B.: Selected Works. Chemical Physics and Hydrodynamics. Nauka, Moscow, 1980, (in Russian).

75. Laurent Joly P. Chassaing, V. Chapin, J.N. Reinaud, J. Micallef, J. Suarez, L. Bretonnet, J. Fontane, Baroclinic Instabilities, ENSICA - Département de Mécanique des Fluides, Variable Density Turbulent Flows – Villanova i la Geltru – 2003, oatao.univ-toulouse.fr›2366/.

76. S. B. Pope, Turbulemt premixed Flames, Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech., 1987, V. 19, P. 237.

77. Bray K.N.C. Turbulent flows with premixed reactants. In P.A. Libby and F.A. Williams, editors, Turbulent Reacting Flows, volume 44 of Topics in Applied Physics, chapter 4, pages 115–183. Springer Verlag, 1980.

78. A. A. Borisov, V. A. Smetanyuk, K. Ya. Troshin, and I.O. Shamshin, Self-ignition in gas vortices, Gorenie i vzryv (Moskva) – Combustion and explosion, 2016, V. 9 no. 1, P.219 (in Russian).

79. Khalil, A.E.E., and Gupta, A.K., Fuel Flexible Distributed Combustion With Swirl For Gas Turbine Applications, Applied Energy, 2013, V. 109, P. 2749.

80. Khalil, A.E.E., and Gupta, A.K., Swirling Flowfield for Colorless Distributed Combustion, Applied Energy, 2014, V. 113, P. 208.

81. Margolin,A.D., and V. P.Karpov. Combustion of rotating gas, Dokl. AN USSR, 1974, V.216, P.346.

82. Babkin, V. S., A.M. Badalyan, A. V. Borisenko, and V. V. Zamashchikov. Flame extinction in rotating gas, Combust. Explo. Shock Waves, 1982, V.18, P.272.

83. Ishizuka, S. Flame propagation along a vortex axis, 2002, Prog. Energ. Combust. Sci.,V. 28, P.477.

84. Zel’dovich, Ya.B., B. E. Gelfand, S.A. Tsyganov, S.M. Frolov, and A.N. Polenov. Concentration and temperature nonuniformities of combustible mixtures as reason for pressure waves generation. Dynamics of explosions. Eds. A. Borisov, A. L. Kuhl, J.R. Bowen, and J.-C. Leyer, 1988, Progress in astronautics and aeronautics ser. Washington, D.C., AIAA, V. 114, P.99.

85. K. Ya. Troshin, I. O. Shamshin, V. A. Smetanyuk, A. A. Borisov, Self-ignition and combustion of gas mixtures in a volume with a eddy flow, Chemical Physics, 2017, V. 36, No. 11, p. 1-12.

86. Borisov, A. A., N. M. Rubtsov, G. I. Skachkov, and K. Ya. Troshin. 2012. Gas-phase spontaneous ignition of hydrocarbons. Russ. J. Phys. Chem. B, V.6, P. 517.

87. Nonsteady flame propagation, ed. by George H.Markstein, Perg.Press, Oxford, London, 1964.

88. Landau L., On the theory of slow combustion. Acta Phys.-Chim. URSS, 1944, 19, 77-85.

89. F.A. Williams, J.F.Grcar, A hypothetical burning-velocity formula for very lean hydrogen–air mixtures, Proc. of the Combustion Institute. 2009. V. 32. №1. P.1351 -1360.

90. Ya.B. Zeldovich, Selected Works. Chemical Physics and Hydrodynamics, p/r ak. Yu .A. Khariton, M:; Publishing house "Nauka", 1984, 379 P.

91. B. Lewis, G. Von Elbe, Combustion, Explosions and Flame in Gases, New York, London: Acad.Press, 1987, P.566.

92. Sivashinsky, G.I., Nonlinear analysis of hydrodynamic instability in laminar flames-I. Derivation of basic equations,Acta Astronaut., 1977, 4. 1177-1206.

93. Clavin, P.,Williams, F.A., Effects of molecular diffusion and of thermal expansion on the structure and dynamics of premixed flames in turbulent flows of large scale and low intensity // J. Fluid Mech., 1982, 116, P. 251-282.

94. Pelcé, P. , Clavin, P. Influence of hydrodynamics and diffusion upon the stability limits of laminar premixed flame. J. Fluid Mech. 1982. 124, 219-237.

95. Kampen, J. F. van, Acoustic pressure oscillations induced by confined turbulent premixed natural gas flames, PhD thesis, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands, March 2006, ISBN 90-365-2277-3, Printed by Febodruk BV, Enschede, The Netherlands.

96. Ronney, P. D., “Premixed-Gas Flames,” in: Microgravity Combustion: Fires in Free Fall (H. Ross, Ed.), Academic Press, London, U.K., 2001, pp. 35-82

97. Clanet, C., Searby, G., (1998), First experimental study of the Darrieus-Landau instability. Phys. Rev. Lett., 27, 3867-3870.

98. Ya.B. Zeldovich, G. A. Barenblatt, D.V. Makhviladze, A. B. Librovich, Mathematical theory of flame propagation, M., Publishing House of AS of USSR, 1980, 620 P.

99. Kalinin A. P., Orlov A. G., Rodionov A. I., Troshin K.Ya., Demonstration of the possibility of studying combustion and explosion processes using remote hyperspectral sensing, Physicochemical kinetics in gas dynamics, www.chemphys .edu.ru / pdf / 2009-06-18-001.pdf

100. Vinogradov A. N., Yegorov V. V., Kalinin A. P., Melnikova E. M., Rodionov A. I., Rodionov I. D. Line of hyperspectral sensors of the optical range: Preprint of SRI of RAS Pr-2176, 2015.16 p.

101. Yegorov V. V., Kalinin A. P., Rodionov I. D., Rodionova I. P., Orlov A. G., Hyperspectrometer as an element of an intelligent technical vision system // Sensors and Systems, 2007, No. 8, pp. 33-35

102. Thomas Alasard, Low Mach number limit of the full Navier-Stokes equations, Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis 180 (2006), no. 1, 1-73.

103. F. Nicoud, Conservative High-Order Finite-Difference Schemes for Low-Mach Number Flows, Journal of Computational Physics 2000, 158, 71.

104. Williams, F. A. (1985) Combustion Theory. 2nd Ed., The Benjamin/Cummings Pub. Co., Menlo Park, Ca., 450 P.

105. V.Akkerman, V.Bychkov, A.Petchenko, L.-E. Eriksson, Flame oscillations in tubes with nonslip at the walls, Combustion and Flame, 2006, V.145. P.675-687.

106. A.Majda, Compressible fluid flow and systems of conservation laws in several space variables, Applied Mathematical Sciences, vol. 53, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1984.

107. D. I. Abugov, V. M. Bobylev, Theory and calculation of solid propellant rocket engines, M:; Mechanical engineering, 1987, 271 P.

108. Clavin, P. Premixed combustion and gasdynamics. Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech. 1994, 26, 321-352.

109. G. Backstrom, Simple Fields of Physics by Finite Element Analysis (Paperback), GB Publishing (2005), 324 P.

110. Pierse, R., Gaydon, A., The identification of molecular spectra, 1941, N.-Y., London, Acad. Press, 240 p.

111. T. Icitaga, Emission spectrum of the oxy-hydrogen flame and its reaction mechanism. (1) Formation of the Activated Water Molecule in Higher Vibrational States. The Review of Physical Chemistry of Japan Vol. 13f, No. 2 (1939), P. 96-107.

112. L. S. Rothman, I. E. Gordon, Y. Babikov, A. Barbe, D. Chris Benner etc ,"The HITRAN 2012 Molecular Spectroscopic Database," Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer, 130, 4-50 (2013).

113. P.-F. Coheur, P.F. Bernath, M. Carleer and R. Colin, et al. A 3000 K laboratory emission spectrum of water, The Journal of Chemical Physics, 122, 074307, 2005.

114. Herzberg G. Molecular Spectra and Molecular Structure, Vol. 1, Spectra of Diatomic Molecules. 2nd ed. Van Nostrand. New York. 1950.

115. C. Appel, J. Mantsaras, R. Schaeren, R. Bombach, and A. Inauen, Catalytic combustion of hydrogen – air mixtures over platinum: validation of hetero-homogeneous reaction schemes, 2004, Clean Air, 5, 21–44.

116. J. C. Chaston, Reaction of Oxygen with the Platinum Metals. The oxidation of platinum, Platinum Metals Rev., 1964, 8, (2), 50-54

117. Nikolai M. Rubtsov, Boris S. Seplyarskii, Kirill Ya. Troshin, Victor I. Chernysh and Georgii I. Tsvetkov, Investigation into spontaneous ignition of hydrogen–air mixtures in a heated reactor at atmospheric pressure by high-speed cinematography, Mendeleev Commun., 2012, 22, 222-224.

118. Perry, D. L. (1995). Handbook of Inorganic Compounds. CRC Press. pp. 296–298. ISBN 0-8493-8671-3.

119. Lagowski, J. J., ed. (2004). Chemistry Foundations and Applications 3. Thomson Gale. pp. 267–268. ISBN 0-02-865724-1.

120. Ya. B. Zel’dovich, G. I. Barenblatt, V. B. Librovich and G. M. Machviladze, Matematicheskaya teoriya goreniya i vzryva (Mathematical Theory of Combustion and Explosion), Nauka, Moscow, 1980 (in Russian).

121. A.A. Borisov, N.M. Rubtsov, G.I. Skachkov, K.Ya. Troshin, Gas Phase Spontaneous Ignition of Hydrocarbons, 2012, Khimicheskaya Fizika, 2012, 31, N8, 30–36. [Engl.transl. Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2012, 6, 517].

122. A. A. Borisov, V. G. Knorre, E. L. Kudrjashova and K.Ya. Troshin, Khim.Fiz., 1998, 17, 80 [Chem. Phys. Rep. (Engl. Transl.), 1998, 17, 105].

123. Nikolai M. Rubtsov, Boris S. Seplyarskii, Kirill Ya. Troshin, Georgii I. Tsvetkov and Victor I. Chernysh, High-speed colour cinematography of the spontaneous ignition of propane–air and n-pentane–air mixtures, Mendeleev Commun., 2011, 21, 31-33.

124. Ahmed E.E.Khalil and Ashwani K.Gupta, Dual Injection distributed Combustion for Gas Turbine application, J.Energy Resources Technol, 2013, 136, 011601.

125. Ahmed E.E.Khalil, Ashwani K.Gupta, Kenneth M. Bryden and Sang C.Lee, Mixture preparation effects on distributed Combustion for Gas Turbine application, J.Energy Resources Technol, 2012, 134, 032201.

126. Kalinin A. P., Orlov A. G., Rodionov A. I., Troshin K.Ya., Demonstration of the possibility of studying combustion and explosion processes using remote hyperspectral sensing, Physicochemical kinetics in gas dynamics, www.chemphys .edu.ru / pdf / 2009-06-18-001.pdf

127. Vinogradov A. N., Yegorov V. V., Kalinin A. P., Melnikova E. M., Rodionov A. I., Rodionov I. D. Line of hyperspectral optical sensors Preprint SRI RAN Pr-2176, 2015.16 p.

128. N. M. Rubtsov, A. N. Vinogradov, A. P. Kalinin, A. I. Rodionov, K. Ya. Troshin, G. I. Tsvetkov, Establishing the Regularities of the Propagation of an Unstable Flame Front by the Methods of Optical 3D Spectroscopy and Color High-Speed Filming, Ishlinsky Institute for Problems in Mechanics RAS, Preprint No. 1097, 2015.

129. N.M.Rubtsov, B.S.Seplyarsky, G.I.Tsvetkov, V.I.Chernysh, Influence of inert additives on the time of formation of steady spherical fronts of laminar flames of mixtures of natural gas and isobutylene with oxygen under spark initiation, Mendeleev Communications, 2009, V.19, P.15.

130. Nikolai M. Rubtsov, Boris S. Seplyarskii, Kirill Ya. Troshin, Victor I. Chernysh and Georgii I. Tsvetkov, Initiation and propagation of laminar spherical flames at atmospheric pressure, Mendeleev Commun., 2011, 21, 218-220.

131. Pierse, R., Gaydon, A., The identification of molecular spectra, 1941, N.-Y., London, Acad. Press, 240 Р.

132. T. Icitaga, Emission spectrum of the oxy-hydrogen flame and its reaction mechanism. (1) Formation of the Activated Water Molecule in Higher Vibrational States. The Review of Physical Chemistry of Japan Vol. 13f, No. 2 (1939), P. 96-107.

133. P. Stamatoglou, Spectral Analysis of Flame Emission for Optimization Of Combustion Devices on Marine Vessels, Master of Science Thesis, Department of Physics, Lund University, Kockumation Group, Malmö(Sweden), Мay 2014

134. NIST Atomic Spectra Database http://physics.nist.gov/ PhysRefData/ASD/ lines_form. html

135. B. Lewis, G. Von Elbe, Combustion, Explosions and Flame in Gases, New York, London.: Acad.Press, 1987, 566 P.

136. V. M. Maltsev, M. I. Maltsev, L. Y. Kashporov, Axial combustion characteristics, M:, Chemistry, 1977, 320 p.

137. Н.Hamoushe, Trace element analysis in aluminium alloys, Alcan International Limited, Quebec, Canada, http://www.riotintoalcan.com/ENG/media/76.asp

138. Constructional materials, p/r B. I. Arzamasov, M:, Mechanical Engineering, 1990, 360 P.

139. W. Meyerriecks and K. L. Kosanke, Color Values and Spectra of the Principal Emitters in Colored Flames, Journal of Pyrotechnics, 2003, No. 18, Р. 720 - 731.

140. S. G. Saytzev and R. I. Soloukhin, "Proceedings of the 8th symposium (International) on combustion," in California Institute of Technology Pasadenia, California, (The Combust. Inst., Pittsburgh, PA), 1962, p. 2771.

141. R.K.Eckhoff, Dust Explosions in the Process Industries, 2nd еdn., Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, 1997.

142. J. C. Livengood and W. A. Leary, "Autoignition by rapid compression," Industrial and Engin. Chem., 1951, 43, 2797.

143. T. C. Germann, W. H. Miller, Quantum mechanical pressure dependent reaction and recombination rates for OH + O →O2 + H, J. Phys. Chem. A: 1997, V.101, P.6358-6367.

144. Frank-Kamenetsky D. A., Diffusion and heat transfer in chemical kinetics. Publishing house "Nauka", 1967, 489 p.

145. S.Chakraborty, A.Mukhopadhyay, S.Sen, International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 2008, 47, 84.

146. G.K. Hargrave, S.J. Jarvis, and T.C. Williams, Meas. Sci. Technol., 2002, 13, 1036.

147. V. Polezhaev, S. Nikitin, Thermoacoustics and heat transfer in an enclosure induced by a wall heating , 16th International Congress on Sound and Vibration, Kraków, Poland, 5–9 July 2009, p.2-8

148. I.O. Moen, M.Donato, R. Knystautas and J.H. Lee, Combust.Flame, 1980, 39, 21.

149. S.S. Ibrahim and A.R. Masri, J. Loss Prev. in the Process Ind., 2001, 14, 213.

150. G.D. Salamandra, T.V.Bazhenova, I.M.Naboko, Zhurnal Technicheskoi fiziki, 1959, 29, 1354 (in Russian).

151. N. Ardey, F. Mayinger, Highly turbulent hydrogen flames, Proc. of the 1st Trabson Int. Energy and Environment Symp., Karadeniz Techn.Univ., Trabson,Turkey, 1996. 679

152. B.Durst, N. Ardey, F. Mayinger, OECD/NEA/CSNI Workshop on the Implementation of Hydrogen Mitigation Techniques, Winnipeg, Manitoba. 1996, AECL-11762, 433.

153. M.Jourdan, N. Ardey, F. Mayinger and M.Carcassi, Influence of turbulence on the deflagrative flame propagation in lean premixed hydrogen air mixtures, Heat Transfer, Proceedings of 11th IHTC, Kuongju, Korea, 1998, 7, 295.

154. Gussak L.A., Turkish M.C. LAG Stratiff. Charge Engines, 1 Mech. Conference Publication. London, 1976, 137.

155. Naboko I. M., Rubtsov N. M., Seplyarsky B. S., Troshin K.Ya., Tsvetkov G.I., Chernysh V. I., Modes of flame propagation during combustion of lean hydrogen-air mixtures in the presence of additives under conditions of central initiation at atmospheric pressure, "Physical-Chemical kinetics in gas dynamics", 2012. Volume 13, URL: http://www.chemphys.edu.ru/pdf/2012-11-02-001.pdf P .1-17

156. I. M. Naboko, N. M. Rubtsov, B. S. Seplyarskii and V. I. Chernysh, Interaction of Spherical Flames of Hydrogen-Air and Methane-Air Mixtures in the Closed Reactor at the Central Spark Initiation with Closed Meshed Obstacles, J Aeronaut Aerospace Eng, 2013, 2:5, http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2168-9792.1000127.

157. N.M. Rubtsov, The Modes of Gaseous Combustion, Springer International Publishing, 2016, 302 Р.

158. Ideya M. Naboko, Nikolai M. Rubtsov, Boris S. Seplyarskii, Victor I. Chernysh and Georgii I. Tsvetkov, Influence of an acoustic resonator on flame propagation regimes in spark initiated H2 combustion in cylindrical reactor in the vicinity of the lower detonation limit, Mendeleev Commun., 2013, 23, 163.

159. Thomas Alasard, Low Mach number limit of the full Navier-Stokes equations, Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis 180 (2006), no. 1, 1-73.

160. F. Nicoud, Conservative High-Order Finite-Difference Schemes for Low-Mach Number Flows.

161. V.Akkerman, V.Bychkov, A.Petchenko, L.-E. Eriksson, Flame oscillations in tubes with nonslip at the walls, Combustion and Flame, 2006, V.145. P.675-687.

162. A.Majda, Compressible fluid flow and systems of conservation laws in severalspace variables, Applied Mathematical Sciences, vol. 53, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1984.

163. D. I. Abugov, V. M. Bobylev, Theory and calculation of solid fuel rocket engines, M: Mechanical engineering, 1987, 271 P.

164. Clavin, P. Premixed combustion and gasdynamics. Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech. 1994, 26, 321-352.

165. C. Clanet, G. Searby and P. Clavin, Primary acoustic instability of flames propagating in tubes: cases of spray and premixed gas combustion, J. Fluid Mech.,1999, 385, 157.

166. B. Lewis, G. Von Elbe, Combustion, Explosions and Flame in Gases, New York, London.: Acad.Press, 1987, P.566.

167. Kampen, J. F. van, Acoustic pressure oscillations induced by confined turbulent premixed natural gas flames, PhD thesis, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands, March 2006, ISBN 90-365-2277-3, Printed by Febodruk BV, Enschede, The Netherlands.

168. G. Backstrom, Simple Fields of Physics by Finite Element Analysis (Paperback), GB Publishing (2005), P 324.

169. Omar D. Lopez, Robert Moser and Ofodike A. Ezekoye, High-Order Finite Difference Scheme For The Numerical Solution Of The Low Mach-Number Equations. Mecánica Computacional, 2006, XXV, 1127.

170. N. M. Rubtsov, B.S. Seplyarskii, I. M. Naboko, V.I. Chernysh, G.I. Tsvetkov and K.Ya. Troshin, Non-steady propagation of single and counter flames in hydrogen–oxygen and natural gas–oxygen mixtures in closed cylindrical vessels with spark initiation in initially motionless gas, Mendeleev Commun., 2014, 24, 163.

171. Griffiths J.F., Barnard J.A. , Flame and Combustion, 1995, 3rd Edition, CRC Press, 328 P.

172. Abdel-Gayed R. G., Bradley D., Criteria for turbulent propagation limits of premixed flames.1985, Combust. Flame, 62, 61.

173. Bradley D.; Abdel-Gayed R.G.; Lung F.K.-K.. , Combustion regimes and the straining of turbulent premixed flames, 1989, Combust. Flame, 76, 213.

174. Melvin R. Baer and Robert J. Gross, 2001, SANDIA REPORT, Sandia National Laboratories Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185 and Livermore, California 94550.

175. Nickolai M.Rubtsov, Boris S.Seplyarskii, Kirill Ya.Troshin, Victor I.Chrenysh, Georgii I.Tsvetkov, Initiation and propagation of laminar spherical flames at atmospheric pressure // Mendeleev Comm., 2011, T.21, P.218-221.

176. Набоко И.М., Рубцов Н.М., Сеплярский Б.С., Цветков Г.И., Черныш В.И. Возникновение термоакустической неустойчивости в водородо- воздушных смесях в замкнутом реакторе при центральном инициировании искровым разрядом//Физико-химическая кинетика в газовой динамике. 2011. Том 12, URL: http://www.chemphys.edu.ru/pdf/2011-12-23-002.pdf

177. Erin Richardson, An experimental study of unconfined hydrogen –oxygen and hydrogen-air explosions, https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20150002596 2018-09-27T16:35:29+00:00Z

178. Ya. B. Zeldovich, A. S. Сompаneеts, Detonation Theory, Мoscow.: Gostechizdat, 1955, 268 P. (in Russian).

179. J.E. Shepherd, Detonation in gases Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2009, V.32, P. 83–98.

180. Stephen B. Murray, Fundamental and Applied Studies of Fuel-Air Detonation - A Quarter Century of Large-Scale Testing at DRDC Suffield (Stephen. Murray @ drdc-rddc.gc.ca), 2010, DRDC Suffield, P.O. Box 4000, Station Main, Medicine Hat, Alberta, Canada T1A 8K6

181. Steven A. Orzag and Lawrence C. Kellst, J. Fluid Mech., 1980, 96, 159.

182. Saric W.S., Reed H.L., Kerschen E.J., Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech., 2002, 34, 291.

183. S.S. Ibrahim and A.R. Masri, J. Loss Prev. in the Process Ind., 2001, 14, 213.

184. C. Clanet and G. Searby, Combustion and flame, 1996, 105, 225.

185. N. M. Rubtsov, B. S. Seplyarskii V. I. Chernysh and G.I.Tsvetkov, International Journal of Chemistry and Materials Research, 2014, 2,102, http://pakinsight.com/?ic=journal&journal=64

186. G. N. Abramovich, Teorija turbulentnych struj (The theory of turbulent flows), 1960, Moscow, Ekolit, reprint, 2011 (in Russian).

187. V.V.Lemanov, V.I.Terechov, K.A, Sharov, A.A.Shumeiko, JETP Letters, 2013, 39, 89 (Pis'ma v ZhETF, 2013, 39, 34).

188. F. Durst, K. Haddad, O. Ertun, in Advances in Turbulence ed. Prof. B. Erkhardt, Proceedings of the 12th Euromech European Turbulence Conference September 7-10 Marburg Germany, Springer Publishing, 160.

189. Vinogradov A. N., Yegorov V. V., Kalinin A. P., Melnikova E. M., Rodionov A. I., Rodionov I. D. Line of hyperspectral optical sensors Preprint SRI RAN Pr-2176, 2015.16 p.

190. N. M. Rubtsov, A. N. Vinogradov, A. P. Kalinin, A. I. Rodionov, K. Ya. Troshin, G. I. Tsvetkov, Establishing the Regularities of the Propagation of an Unstable Flame Front by the Methods of Optical 3D Spectroscopy and Color High-Speed Filming, IPMech RAS, Preprint No. 1097, 2015.

191. Nickolai M.Rubtsov, Boris S.Seplyarskii, Kirill Ya.Troshin, Victor I.Chrenysh, Georgii I.Tsvetkov, Initiation and propagation of laminar spherical flames at atmospheric pressure // Mendeleev Comm., 2011, T.21, P.218-221.

192. Coheur P.-F., Bernath P.F., Carleer M., Colin R., et al. A 3000 K laboratory emission spectrum of water, The Journal of Chemical Physics. 2005. 122. 074307

193. Herzberg G. Molecular Spectra and Molecular Structure. Vol. 1, Spectra of Diatomic Molecules. 2nd edn. Van Nostrand. New York. 1950.

194. Kreshkov A. P. Fundamentals of analytical chemistry. Theoretical basis. Qualitative analysis, 1970, M:; Publishing house "Khimiya", V. 3.

195. Davy H. Some new experiments and observations on the combustion of gaseous mixtures, with an account of a method of preserving a continuous light in mixtures of inflammable gases and air without flame. 1817, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A v. 107, P.77-100.(magazine ? )

196. Lee J. H. and Trimm D. L. Catalytic combustion of methane, Fuel Processing Technology, 1995, v.42. P.339-355.

197. Deutschmann, O., Maier, L. I., Riedel, U.et al. Hydrogen assisted catalytic combustion of methane on platinum. Catalysis Today. 2000. V.59, P.141-165.

198. Lyubovsky M., Karim H., Menacherry P. et al. Complete and partial catalytic oxidation of methane over substrates with enhanced transport properties. Catalysis Today. 2003. V.83. P. 183-201.

199. Salomons S., Hayes R. E., Poirier M. et al. Flow reversal reactor for the catalytic combustion of lean methane mixtures. Catalysis Today. 2003. v.83. P. 59-75.

200. Lampert J. K., Kazia M. S., and Farrauto, R. J. Palladium catalyst performance for methane emissions abatement from lean burn natural gas vehicles. //Applied catalysis B: Environmental. 1997. v. 14, P. 211-230.

201. IAEA SAFETY STANDARDS SERIES. Design of Reactor Containment Systems for Nuclear Power Plants SAFETY GUIDE No. NS-G-1.10, 2004.

202. Frennet A. Chemisorption and exchange with deuterium of methane on metals. // Catal. Rev.- Sci.Eng. 1974. v. 10. P. 37-51.

203. Cullis C.F., Willatt B.M. Oxidation of methane over supported precious metal catalysts. // Journal of Catalysis. 1983. v. 83, P. 267-281.

204. Hicks R.F., Qi H., Young M.L. and Lee, R.G. Structure sensitivity of methane oxidation over platinum and palladium. // Journal of Catalysis. 1990. v.122. P. 280-291.

205. Hayes R.E, Kolaczkowskii S., Lib P., Awdryb S., The palladium catalyzed oxidation of methane: reaction kinetics and the effect of diffusion barriers, Chemical Engineering Science, 2001. v. 56. P. 4815-4830.

206. S. Choudhury, R. Sasikala, V. Saxena, D. Kumar-Aswalb and D. Bhattacharyac, A new route for the fabrication of an ultrathin film of a PdO–TiO2 composite photocatalyst, Dalton Trans. 2012, 41, 12090-12095.

207. P.O. Nilsson and M.S. Shivaraman. Optical properties of PdO in the range of 0.5–5.4 eV. J. Phys. C: Solid State Phys. 12, 1423-1427 (1979).

208. F. Ling, O. Chika Anthony, Q. Xiong, M. Luo,X. Pan, L. Jia, J. Huang, D. Sun, Q. Li. PdO/LaCoO3 heterojunction photocatalysts for highly hydrogen production from formaldehyde aqueous solution under visible light,International journal o f hydrogen energy 41, 6115-6122, (2016).

209. С.Diaz, M.L.Valenzuela, C.Rios and M.Segovia, Oxidation facility by a temperature dependence on the noble metals nanostructured M°/MxOy phase products using a solid state method: the case of Pd, J. Chil. Chem. Soc., 2016, 61 no.4, http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0717-97072016000400024

210. Rodionov I. D., Rodionov A. I., Vedeshin L. A., Vinogradov A. N., Yegorov V. V., Kalinin A. P., Aviation hyperspectral complexes for solving problems of remote sensing. Exploration of the Earth from space 2013. №6. P. 81; Rodionov I. D., Rodionov A. I., Vedeshin L. A., Yegorov V. V., Kalinin A. P. , Izvestija, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics. 2014. V. 50. No. 9. 2014. P. 983.

211. Vinogradov A. N., Yegorov V. V., Kalinin A. P., Rodionov A. I., Rodionov I. D. // Optical instrument engineering. 2016. Vol. 83. No. 4. P. 54.

212. Kalinin A. P., Orlov A. G., Rodionov A. I., Troshin K.Ya. Demonstration of the possibility of studying combustion and explosion processes using remote hyperspectral sensing // Physicochemical kinetics in gas dynamics. 2009. V. 8. [Electronic resource] Access mode: http://chemphys.edu.ru/issues/2009-8/articles/202/.

213. Nikolai M. Rubtsov, Boris S. Seplyarskii, Kirill Ya. Troshin, Victor I. Chernysh and Georgii I. Tsvetkov, Mendeleev Commun. 2012, V. 22. P. 222.

214. Nikolai M. Rubtsov, Boris S. Seplyarskii, Kirill Ya. Troshin, Georgii I. Tsvetkov and Victor I. Chernysh High-speed colour cinematography of the spontaneous ignition of propane–air and n-pentane–air mixtures,  Mendeleev Communications 2011, 21, 31-33.

215. Nikolai M. Rubtsov , Victor I. Chernysh, Georgii I. Tsvetkov, Kirill Ya. Troshin, Igor O. Shamshin, Ignition of hydrogen–air mixtures over Pt at atmospheric pressure, Mendeleev Communications, 2017, 27, 307-309.

216. Nikolai M. Rubtsov, Alexey N. Vinogradov, Alexander P. Kalinin, Alexey I. Rodionov, Victor I. Chernysh, Cellular combustion and delay periods of ignition of a nearly stoichiometric H2–air mixture over a platinum surface, Mendeleev Communications, 2016, 160-162.

217. K.L. Cashdollar, I.A. Zlochower, G.M. Green, R.A. Thomas and M.Hertzberg, Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 2000. V.13, N3-5, P.327-340.

218. Lewis B., Von Elbe G., Combustion, Explosions and Flame in Gases. New York, London. Acad. Press. 1987.

219. S.M.Repinski, Vvedenie v himicheskuyu fiziky poverhnosti tvyordych tel (Introduction into chemical physics of the surface of solids), Novosibirsk:; “Nauka”, Sibir publishing company, 1993 (in Russian).

220. М. Johansson, E. Skulason, G. Nielsen, S. Murphy, R.M. Nielsen, I. Chorkendorff, A systematic DFT study of hydrogen diffusion on transition metal surfaces. Surface Science, 2010, 604, 718.

221. Rothman L.S., Gordon I.E., Babikov Y., Barbe A., Chris Benner D., et al. The HITRAN 2012 Molecular Spectroscopic Database//Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer. 2013. 130. P. 4-50

222. N. M. Rubtsov, A. N. Vinogradov, A. P. Kalinin, A. I. Rodionov, I. D. Rodionov, K. Ya. Troshin, G. I. Tsvetkov, V. I. Chernysh, The use of a high-speed optical multidimensional technique for establishing the characteristics of ignition and combustion of a 40% H2 - air mixture in the presence of platinum metal, Physical and chemical kinetics in gas dynamics 2016 Vol.17 (1) http://chemphys.edu.ru/issues/ 2016-17-1 / articles / 615 /.

223. R.G. Stützer, S. Kraus, M. Oschwald, Characterization of Light Deflection on Hot Exhaust Gas for a LIDAR Feasibility Study, May 2014 Conference 4th Space Propulsion 2014, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263586493.

224. T. Icitaga, Emission spectrum of the oxy-hydrogen flame and its reaction mechanism. (1) Formation of the Activated Water Molecule in Higher Vibrational States. The Review of Physical Chemistry of Japan Vol. 13f, No. 2 (1939), Pp. 96‒107.

225. N.M.Rubtsov, V.I.Chernysh, G.I.Tsvetkov, K.Ya.Troshin, I. O.Shamshin, A.P. Kalinin, The features of hydrogen ignition over Pt and Pd foils at low pressures Mendeleev Communications, 2018, 28, 216-218

226. Tang, C., Zhang, Y., Huang, Z ., (2014). Progress in combustion investigations of hydrogen enriched hydrocarbons, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 30, 195–216.

227. Knyazkov, A., Shvartsberg, V.M., Dmitriev, A.M., Osipova, K.N., Shmakov, A.G., Korobeinichev, O.P., Burluka, A., (2017). Combustion Chemistry of Ternary Blends of Hydrogen and C1–C4 Hydrocarbons at Atmospheric Pressure, Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves, 53(5), 491–499.

228. Biswas, S., Tanvir, S., Wang, H., Qiao, L., 2016. On ignition mechanisms of premixed CH4/air and H2/air using a hot turbulent jet generated by pre-chamber combustion, Applied Thermal Engineering, 106, 925–937.

229. Cho, E.-S., & Chung, S. H., (2009). Improvement of flame stability and NOx reduction in hydrogen-added ultralean premixed combustion, Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 23, 650-658.

230. Razali, H., Sopian, K., Mat, S. (2015). Green fuel: 34% reduction of hydrocarbons via hydrogen (AL+HCl) blended with gasoline at maximum torque for motorcycle operation. ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 10(17), 7780-7783.

231. Flores, R. M., McDonell, V. G., Samuelsen, G. S., (2003). Impact of Ethane and Propane Variation in Natural Gas on Performance of a Model Gas Turbine Combustor, J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power, 125, 701–708.

232. Hassan, H., & Khandelwal, B., (2014). Reforming Technologies to Improve the Performance of Combustion Systems, Aerospace, 1, 67-96.

233. Xiong, H., Wiebenga, M. H., Carrillo, C., Gaudet, J. R., Pham, H.N. , Kunwar, D., et.al (2018). Design considerations for low-temperature hydrocarbon oxidation reactions on Pd based catalysts, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 236 (15), 436-444.

234. Persson, K., Pfefferle, L.D., Schwartz, W., Ersson, A., Jaras, S.G., (2007). Stability of palladium-based catalysts during catalytic combustion of methane: The influence of water, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 74, 242–250.

235. Rubtsov, N.M., Chernysh, V.I., Tsvetkov, G.I., Troshin, K.Ya., Shamshin I.O., (2019). Ignition of hydrogen-methane-air mixtures over Pd foil at atmospheric pressure, Mendeleev Commun., 2019, 29, (in press).

236. Rubtsov, N.M. (2016), The Modes of Gaseous Combustion, Cham, Switzerland, Springer International Publishing.

237. Markstein, G. H., (1949). Cell structure of propane flames burning in tubes, The Journal of Chemical Physics, 17, 428.

238. Zeldovich, Ya. B., (1944). Theory of Combustion and Detonation in Gases, Moscow, Acad. Sci. USSR, (in Russian).

239. Крешков А. П. Основы аналитической химии. Теоретические основы. Качественный анализ, 1970, М:; Изд-во “Химия”, Т.3.

240. Nikolai M.Rubtsov, Alexey N.Vinogradov, Alexander P.Kalinin,Alexey I.Rodionov, Kirill Ya.Troshin,Georgii I.Tsvetkov,Victor I.Chernysh, Gas dynamics and kinetics of the penetration of methane–oxygen flames through complex obstacles, as studied by 3D spectroscopy and high-speed cinematography, Mendeleev Communications, 2017, 27, 192-194.

241. Ideya M. Naboko, Nikolai M. Rubtsov, Boris S. Seplyarskii, Kirill Ya. Troshin, Victor I. Chernysh, Cellular combustion at the transition of a spherical flame front to a flat front at the initiated ignition of methane–air, methane–oxygen and n-pentane–air mixtures, Mendeleev Communications, 2013, 23, 358-360.

242. M.Fisher, Safety aspects of hydrogen combustion in hydrogen energy systems, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 1986, 11, 593-601.

243. A.B.Welch and J.S.Wallace, Performance characteristics of a hydrogen-fueled diesel engine, SAE Paper 902070.

244. R.K.Kumar, Ignition of hydrogen-oxygen- diluent mixtures adjacent to a hot, non-reactive surface, Combustion and Flame, 1989, 197-215.

245. R.S.Silver, The ignition of gaseous mixture by hot particles, Phil. Mag. J.Sci., 1937, 23, 633-657.

246. K.B.Brady, Ignition Propensity of hydrogen/air mixtures in the presence of heated platinum surfaces, Master of Science Thesis, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, January, 2010 .

247. Rinnemo, M., et al., Experimental and numerical investigation of the catalytic ignition of mixtures of hydrogen and oxygen on platinum. Combustion and Flame, 1997, 111, 312-326.

248. S.K. Menon, P.A. Boettcher, B.Ventura, G. Blanquart and J.E. Shepherd, Investigation of hot surface ignition of a flammable mixture, Western States Section of the Combustion Institute (WSSCI), 2012, Arizona University, Tempe, Paper # 12S-39.

249. Dong-Joon Kim, Ignition Temperature of Hydrogen/Air Mixture by Hot Wire in Pipeline, Fire Sci. Eng., 2014, 28, No. 4, 8-13.

250. Tables of Physical Values, handbook, ed. I. K.Kikoin, Atomizdat, Moscow, 1976, p. 1007 (in Russian).

251. Marchuk G.I. Methods of computational mathematics, Moscow; Nauka, 1989, 608 p. (in Russian).

252. Rubtsov N. M., Kotelkin V. D., Karpov V. P., Transition of flame propagation from isothermal to chain-thermal mode in chain processes with nonlinear branching of chains, Kinetics and Catalysis, 2004, Vol. 45, P. 3.

253. N. N. Semenov, O nekotorykh problemakh khimicheskoi kinetiki i reaktsionnoi sposobnosti (On Some Problems of Chemical Kinetics and Reactivity), 2nd edn., AN SSSR, Moscow, 1958 (in Russian).

254. D.C.Montgomery, E.A.Peck, G.G.Vining, Introduction to linear regression analysis, 5 th ed., John Wiley@Sons Inc., Wiley Series in probability and statistics, Hoboken, New Jersey, US, 2012, 659 P.

255. Rubtsov N. M., Seplyarsky B. S., Alymov M. I. Critical Phenomena and Dimensional Effects in Autowave Processes with Exothermic Reactions. Saratov: Publishing House "KUBiK", 2019, 338 p. ISBN 978-5-91818-595-7.

256. B.S. Seplyarsky, T. P. Ivleva, M. I. Alymov. Macrokinetic analysis of the process of passivation of pyrophoric powders. Reports of the Academy of Sciences. Physical chemistry. 2018. Vol. 478, No. 3, pp. 310-314.

257. Michail I. Alymov, Nikolai M. Rubtsov, Boris S. Seplyarskii, V.A.Zelensky, A.B.Ankudinov, The Method of Preparation of Ni Nanopowders with Controlled Mean Specific Surface and Pyrophoricity, UNITED JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY www.unitedjchem.org, 2018, Vol. 01, No.(1): Pg. 82-91.

258. P. Zijlstra, M. Orrit, Single metal nanoparticles: optical detection, spectroscopy and applications, Reports on Progress in Physics, 2011, 74, 106401.

259. A. Kamyshny, J. Steinke, S. Magdassi, Metal-based inkjet inks for printed electronics, Open Applied Physics J., 2011, 4, 19.

260. R. Gréget, G.L. Nealon, B. Vileno, P. Turek, C. Mény, F. Ott, A. Derory, E. Voirin, E. Rivière, A. Rogalev, Magnetic properties of gold nanoparticles: a room-temperature quantum effect, ChemPhysChem, 2012, 13, 3092.

261. R.R. Letfullin, C.B. Iversen, T.F. George, Modeling nanophotothermal therapy: kinetics of thermal ablation of healthy and cancerous cell organelles and gold nanoparticles, Nanomedicine: Nanotech., Bio. and Med., 2011, 7, 137.

262. Wei, Y.; Chen, S.; Kowalczyk, B.; Huda, S.; Gray, T. P.; Grzybowski, B. A. , 2010, Synthesis of stable, low-dispersity copper nanoparticles and nanorods and theirantifungal and catalytic properties, J. Phys. Chem. C. 114, 15612.

263. Ramyadevi, J.; Jeyasubramanian, K.; Marikani, A.; Rajakumar, G.; Rahuman, A. A. , 2012, Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of copper nanoparticles, Mater. Lett. 71: 114.

264. Dhas, N.A.; Raj, C.P.; Gedanken, A. , Synthesis, Characterization, and Properties of Metallic Copper Nanoparticles, 1998, Chem. Mater., 10, 1446.

265. H. Hashemipour, M.E. Zadeh, R. Pourakbari, P. Rahimi, Inter. J. of Physical Sciences, Investigation on synthesis and size control of copper nanoparticle via electrochemical and chemical reduction method, 2011, 6, 4331.

266. M. Salavati-Niasari, F. Davar, Synthesis of copper and copper (I) oxide nanoparticles by thermal decomposition of a new precursor, Materials Letters, 2009, 63, 441.

267. B.K. Park, D. Kim, S. Jeong, J. Moon, J.S. Kim, Direct writing of copper conductive patterns by ink-jet printing, Thin Solid Films, 2007, 515, 7706.

268. E. Egorova, A. Revina, Synthesis of metallic nanoparticles in reverse micelles in the presence of quercetin, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochem. and Eng. Aspects, 2000, 168, 87.

269. R. Zhou, X. Wu, X. Hao, F. Zhou, H. Li, W. Rao, Oxidation of Copper Nanoparticles Protected with Different Coatings, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 2008, 266, 599.

270. J.N. Solanki, R. Sengupta, Z. Murthy, Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles, Solid State Sciences, 2010, 12, 1560. 17 L. Francis, A.S. Nair, R. Jose, S. Ramakrishna, V. Thavasi and E. Marsano, Fabrication and characterization of dye-sensitized solar cells from rutile nanofibers and nanorods, Energy, 36, 627-632, (2011)

271. K. Tian, C. Liu, H. Yang, X. Ren, Sensors and Actuators of transition metal elements, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochem. and Eng. Aspects, 2012, 397, 12.

272. Michail I. Alymov, Nikolai M. Rubtsov, Boris S. Seplyarskii, Victor A. Zelensky and Alexey B. Ankudinov, Temporal characteristics of ignition and combustion of iron nanopowders in the air, Mendeleev Commun., 2016, 26, 452.

273. Thomas M.Gorrie, Peter W.Kopf and Sidney Toby, Kinetics of the reaction of some pyrophoric metals with oxygen, J.Phys.Chem., 1967, 71, 3842.

274. B.K. Sharma, Objective Question Bank in Chemistry, Krishns Prakashan Media Ltd., India, 2009, 488 P. 22. https://www.nanoshel.com/topics/nanoshel-llc-news/

275. A. G. Gnedovets, A. B. Ankudinov, V. A. Zelenskii, E. P. Kovalev, H. Wisniewska_Weinert, and M. I. Alymov, Perspektivnye Materialy, 2015, 12, 62 [Inorganic Materials: Applied Research, 2016, 7, 303] (in Russian).

276. W. R. Morcom W. L. Worrell H. G. Sell H. I. Kaplan The preparation and characterization of beta-tungsten, a metastable tungsten phase, Metallurgical Transactions,January 1974, 5:155,

277. Žutić, J. Fabian, and S. Das Sarma, Spintronics: Fundamentals and Applications, Rev. Mod. Phys. 76, 323 (2004).

278. S. A. Wolf, D. D. Awschalom, R. A. Buhrman, J. M. Daughton, S. von Molnár, M. L. Roukes, A. Y. Chtchelkanova, and D. M. Treger, Spintronics: A Spin-Based Electronics Vision for the Future, Science 294, 1488 (2001)

279. M. Johnson and R. H. Silsbee, Interfacial Charge-Spin Coupling: Injection and Detection of Spin Magnetization in Metals, Phys. Rev. Lett. 55, 1790 (1985).

280. T. Jungwirth, J. Wunderlich, and K. Olejnik, Spin Hall Effect Devices, Nat. Mater. 11, 382 (2012).

281. C. F. Pai, L. Liu, Y. Li, H. W. Tseng, D. C. Ralph, and R. A. Buhrman, Spin Transfer Torque Devices Utilizing the Giant Spin Hall Effect of Tungsten, Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 122404 (2012).

282. Q. Hao, W. Chen, and G. Xiao, Beta (β) Tungsten Thin Films: Structure, Electron Transport, and Giant Spin Hall Effect, Appl. Phys. Lett. 106, 182403 (2015).

283. G. Hägg and N. Schönberg, 'β-Tungsten' as a Tungsten Oxide, Acta Crystallogr. 7, 351 (1954).

284. P. Petroff, T. T. Sheng, A. K. Sinha, G. A. Rozgonyi, and F. B. Alexander, Microstructure, Growth, Resistivity, and Stresses in Thin Tungsten Films Deposited by RF Sputtering, J. Appl. Phys. 44, 2545 (1973).

285. Erik Lassner and Wolf-Dieter Schubert, Tungsten Properties, Chemistry, Technology of the Element, Alloys, and Chemical Compounds, 1998, Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow, 447 P.

286. Michail I. Alymov, Nikolai M. Rubtsov, Boris S. Seplyarskii,Victor A. Zelensky and Alexey B. Ankudinov, Passivation of iron nanoparticles at subzero temperatures, Mendeleev Commun., 2017, 27, 482-484.

287. Florin Saceleanu, Mahmoud Idir, Nabiha Chaumeix and John Z. Wen, Combustion Characteristics of Physically Mixed 40 nm Aluminum/Copper Oxide Nanothermites Using Laser Ignition, Frontiers in Chemistry, original research published: 09 October 2018, doi: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00465.

288. Alexander A. Gromov, Ulrich Teipel, Metal Nanopowders: Production, Characterization, and Energetic Applications, 2014, John Wiley & Sons, 417 P.

289. Michail I.Alymov, Nikolai M. Rubtsov, Boris S. Seplyarskii, Victor A. Zelensky, Alexey B. Ankudinov, Temporal characteristics of ignition and combustion of iron nanopowders in the air, Mendeleev Commun., 2016, V.26,452-454.

Войти или Создать
* Забыли пароль?