ANALYSIS OF FOREIGN ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN THE CONTEXT OF THE PANDEMIC
Abstract and keywords
Abstract (English):
In the context of the globalization of the world economy, foreign trade requires a qualified approach, which includes the management of a fairly extensive area of economic activity. A thorough analysis of foreign economic activity is necessary, because it is required by modern methods of doing business, trying to enter the international trade arena

Keywords:
export, import, foreign economic activity, pandemic
Representatives
Krokhicheva Galina  — Science editor
Shumilina Vera  — Executive editor
Text
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В 2020 году мировая экономика и торговля в связи с пандемией Covid-19 столкнулись с беспрецедентным в мирное время шоком, его особенностью является то, что государства сами накладывают ограничения на экономическую активность и трансграничный поток товаров, услуг. При этом ущерб по макропоказателям больше, чем во время финансово-экономического кризиса 2008-2009 годов.

Экономические потрясения, вызванные Covid-19, сильно повлияли на экспорт и импорт. Падение мировой торговли товарами в 2020 году составила 16,5%. [4]

Внешнеэкономическая деятельность (ВЭД)¾отрасль хозяйственной деятельности, которая осуществляется в производственной, научно¾технической сфере, экспорте и импорте товара и выходе предприятия на международный рынок. Анализ внешнеэкономической деятельности нужен для достижения максимальной эффективности при реализации товаров.[1]

Виды внешнеэкономической деятельности:[2]

  1. Внешнеторговая деятельность ¾ экономическая деятельность, связанная с экспортом и импортом товаров и услуг;
  2. Производственная кооперация ¾ взаимодействие производителей товаров, которое подразумевает размещение производственных предприятий на территории разных стран;
  3. Международное инвестиционное сотрудничество¾ подразумевает сотрудничество с иностранными партнерами, направленное на повышение конкурентоспособности и продвижение товаров и услуг на мировом рынке;
  4. Валютно-финансовые и кредитные операции ¾ вид внешнеэкономической деятельности, сопровождающий внешнеторговую сделку в виде финансовых обязательств.

Органы государственного управления внешнеэкономической деятельностью в Российской Федерации[3]:

  1. Президент РФ;
  2. Правительство РФ:
  • Министерство внешне-экономических связей РФ;
  • Государственный таможенный комитет;
  • Валютно-экономическая комиссия РФ;
  • Центральный Банк РФ.
  1. Минэкономразвития РФ.

Характеристика состояния социально¾экономического развития Российской Федерации в части внешнеэкономической сферы:

Товарооборот Российской Федерации за 2019 год составил $668,8 млрд, а в 2020 году снизился на 15,1 % и составил $567,8 млрд. [5]

Экспорт из России в 2019 году составил $424,5 млрд., а 2020 году снизился по сравнению с предыдущим годом на 20,7% и составил $336,4 млрд. [6]

Основные экспортируемые товары за 2020 год (рис. 1).

 

Рис. 1 ¾ Экспортируемые товары в 2020 г.

 

Импорт в Россию в 2019 году составил $244,3 млрд., а в 2020 снизился на 5,29% и составил $231,4 млрд.[6]

Основные импортируемые товары за 2020 год.(рис 2)

 

Рис. 2 ¾ Основные импортируемые товары

 

В 2021 году пред Минэкономразвития России стоит задача по стимулированию экспорта, а так же задача по адаптации внешнеэкономической деятельности к новым, вызовам 2021 года.

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