Abstract (English):
The article deals with the problem of ensuring the economic security of the region. The essence and main components of the region's economic security are revealed. The main indicators and threshold values of economic security of the Rostov region are presented.

Keywords:
economic security of the region, subject, state, threats, factors, indicators, thresholds

В настоящее время экономическое развитие и ускорение приобретает все большее значение. Данное направление напрямую затрагивает не только интересы государства, но и интересы его субъектов. В связи с этим, в современной России эффективное функционирование государственной деятельности по обеспечению экономической безопасности регионов определяет общее социально-экономическое положение страны. Регионы, являясь сложным территориально-экономическим комплексом, способны результативно противодействовать экономическим угрозам, формируя безопасность всего государства в целом. К основным характеристикам, описывающим экономическую безопасность региона, относят: -уровень предпринимательской активности региона; -сбалансированность бюджета; -уровень и качество жизни населения; -развитие инновационной и инвестиционной деятельности. [4] Экономическая безопасность региона включает в себя три важнейших составляющих (рисунок 1) Рисунок 1.- Основные составляющие экономической безопасности региона Экономическая независимость региона заключает в себе возможность осуществлять контроль за региональными ресурсами: повышать уровень производства, контролировать качество продукции, обеспечивать конкурентоспособность региона, принимать участие в межрегиональной и международной торговле. Стабильность и устойчивость предполагает создание и выполнение надежных условий и гарантий для осуществления предпринимательской деятельности в регионе, борьбы с экономическими правонарушениями, обеспечения добросовестной конкуренции. Саморазвитие и прогресс представляет собой создание благоприятного климата в регионе: модернизация инвестиционной, инновационной деятельности; повышение качества жизни населения. [6] Экономическая безопасность региона имеет ряд факторов, направленных на обеспечение защищенности жизненно важных интересов личности, общества и государства. Кроме этого, экономическая безопасность региона способна осуществлять противостояние возникающим угрозам. Огромное влияние на уровень экономической безопасности региона оказывают различные источники (рисунок 2)[4] Рисунок 2. - Классификация угроз экономической безопасности региона Значительному воздействию угроз экономической безопасности подвержена и Ростовская область. Ростовская область, как один из перспективных и экономически развитых субъектов РФ, вызывает значительный интерес в изучении экономической безопасности региона. Сущность экономической безопасности Ростовской области заключается не только в обеспечении экономической независимости, стабильности и устойчивости, саморазвитии и прогрессе, но и в прогнозировании, выявлении и устранении угроз. [5] Возможные внутренние и внешние угрозы в Ростовской области представлены на рисунке 3. [7] угрозы: Рисунок 3. – Угрозы экономической безопасности Ростовской области Оценка уровня экономической безопасности Ростовской области основывается на показателях, представленных в Указе Президента РФ № 208 «О Стратегии экономической безопасности Российской Федерации на период до 2030 г.».[1] Рассмотрим данные показатели по категориям, которые соответствуют отдельным сферам. Показатели экономической безопасности Ростовской области представлены в таблице 1.[2],[3] Таблица 1.- Показатели экономической безопасности Ростовской области Показатели Пороговые индикаторы Показатель Соответствие Показатели экономической безопасности в экономической сфере Индекс физического объема валового регионального продукта, % 101,7 102,5 +0,8 Государственный долг субъектов Российской Федерации, % к ВРП 3,3 2,8 -0,5 Энергоемкость валового регионального продукта, кг условного топлива / на 10 тыс. рублей 122,8 100,8 -22 Оборот розничной торговли на душу населения, руб 215075 208340 -6735 Показатели экономической безопасности в финансовой сфере Доля инвестиций в основной капитал в валовом региональном продукте, % 21,4 24,1 +2,7 Степень износа основных фондов, % 47,4 42 -5,4 Уровень инфляции, % 2,5 1,1 -1,4 Показатели экономической безопасности в производственной сфере Индекс промышленного производства, % 102 107 +5 Индекс производительности труда, % 102 103 +1 Показатели экономической безопасности в социальной сфере Доля трудоспособного населения, % 56,8 56 -0,8 Коэффициент напряженности на рынке труда 2,8 3,2 +0,4 Уровень преступности в экономической сфере, ед. 1265 2268 +1003 Анализируя представленные показатели, можно сделать вывод, что в Ростовской области большинство основных показателей уровня экономической безопасности соответствует пороговым индикаторам. Необходимо отметить, что пороговыми индикаторами выступают предельные значения, отклонение от которых в значительной степени влияет на развитие различных элементов как государства в целом, так и его регионов. Значительные отрицательные значения по Ростовской области наблюдаются в энергоемкости валового регионального продукта; обороте розничной торговли на душу населения; степени износа основных фондов. Таким образом, экономическая безопасность Ростовской области включает в себя совокупность различных условий и факторов, направленных на поддержание устойчивого развития региона. Оценка основных показателей дает возможность охарактеризовать Ростовскую область как экономически безопасный субъект РФ, несмотря на имеющиеся изменения некоторых пороговых значений.

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