In this report, dedicated to the folklore of the war years, the author decided to illustrate photographs from the family archive and from the archives of the inhabitants of the village of Dinskaya, Krasnodar region, accompanying them with small historical comments. The Cossacks of the village of Dinskaya are the descendants of the famous Zaporozhye Cossacks, resettled by Tsarina Catherine II in the 18th century from the banks of the Dnieper to the Kuban. Cossacks by social class are military. They took the most active part in the Great Patriotic War. On the eve of the holiday - Victory Day over the fascist invaders, which is especially widely and solemnly celebrated among the Cossack population, I would like to remember with a kind word the great feat of our ancestors, who fought with the enemy without sparing their lives, and preserved with their heroism peace, happiness and freedom for us. Yes, we live because they died for us, so let us give them the honors they deserve. Blessed memory of them
folklore of the Great Patriotic War, photographs from personal archives
May 9 is coming soon! Victory Day! And the topic of our report corresponds to the red date of the calendar - one of the brightest dates in the whole world - the Victory over the fascist invaders. The residents of the Kuban region celebrate this date especially widely and solemnly. It must be said that of the entire folklore heritage, the folklore of the war years occupies one of the leading places in the research of scientists. The author was fortunate enough to record a huge amount of interesting ethnographic material about the Great Patriotic War, not only on expeditions, but also from his parents and relatives, which is periodically published in various publications and in reports at conferences (Zaporozhets 2003; 2005 a), b), c); 2006 a), b); 2007; 2009 a), b); 2010; 2011; 2012; 2014; 2017 a), b); 2020). In our report, the author decided to publish a very interesting and little-studied part of the unique heritage - photographs from the personal archives of both her own and residents of the village. In these photographs, in some incomprehensible way, the spirit of the Cossacks has been preserved, many times rooted out and persecuted, despite the heroic service to the Fatherland with faith and truth. In these people, captured in the photographs, one can feel the spiritual simplicity, and military severity, and the readiness to stand up to defend the Motherland with arms in hand at any moment, and the ability to have fun and sing... The topic of the Cossacks is one of the least studied topics. So let's take a look at at least a small part of our vast heritage.
Several historical references.
Cossacks – the military estate in pre-revolutionary Russia in the 18th - early 20th centuries. In the 14th - 17th centuries, free people who worked for hire, persons who carried out military service in the border areas...; In the 15th - 16th centuries, outside the borders of Russia and the Polish-Lithuanian state (on the Dnieper, Don, Volga, Ural, Terek) self-governing communities of the so-called free Cossacks appeared ... which were the main driving force behind popular uprisings in Ukraine in the 16th - 17th centuries and peasant wars in Russia 17 - 18 centuries. The tsarist government sought to use the Cossacks to guard the borders, in wars, etc., and in the 18th century subjugated it, turning it into a privileged estate, the support of the autocracy. At the beginning of the 20th century, there were 11 Cossack troops (Donskoe, Kubanskoe, Orenburg, Zabaikalskoe, Terskoe, Siberian, Ural, Astrakhan, Semirechenskoe, Amur and Ussuriysk). ... In 1920 the Cossacks as an estate were abolished. In 1936, the Don, Kuban and Terek Caucasian Cossack formations were created, which participated in the Great Patriotic War (disbanded in the 2nd half of the 1940s). (SED, p. 529).
Stanitsa – … In Russia, a large Cossack rural settlement or administrative-territorial unit that united several small Cossack families. In the USSR, the traditional name for large rural settlements on the territory of 6 Cossack troops (SED, p. 1279.).
Don, Dnipro, Kuban – the largest rivers of the Russian state, and later – the USSR.
Zaporizhzhya Sich – organization of Ukrainian Cossacks in the 16th - 18th centuries beyond the Dnieper rapids. The name comes from the name of the main fortification (Sich)…. Shared on smoking .... In 1709 ... Old Sich was liquidated, in 1734 the government created ... New Sich, liquidated by tsarism in 1775 ... (SED, p. 456). The name comes from "Sich, which is beyond the rapids of the Dnieper - Zaporozhye Sich" - ed.
Rapids – a short section of a river with a relatively high level of water fall and an increased flow rate ... (SED, p. 1052)
Kuren– (Turkic origin of the name). ... In the Zaporizhzhya Sich - a military unit ... and its living quarters. (SED, p. 682).
Don Cossack army, arose in the 2nd half of the 16th century in the Lower and Middle Don from fugitive peasants. Since the end of the 16th century, it has been protecting the southern borders of Russia. Placed in the area of the Donskoy army ... In the First World War, 66 cavalry regiments, 45 batteries, 6 battalions, 110 hundred were deployed, In 1918 it was abolished. (SED, p. 411.).
Black Sea Cossack army, created in 1787 in southern Ukraine from the majority of the Cossacks. In the 90s of the 18th century, it was resettled to the Kuban. It defended the Caucasian fortified line from the mouth of the Kuban to the Laba River. In 1860 it became part of the Kuban Cossack army. (SED, p. 1507.)
Kuban Cossack army, created in 1860 in the Kuban region (the center of Yekaterinodar, now Krasnodar) from the Black Sea Cossack and part of the Caucasian line of the Cossack troops.... In the First World War, 41 cavalry regiment, 2 cavalry and foot divisions, 25 battalions, 10 batteries, 35 hundreds were deployed. Abolished in 1918. (SED, p. 672.).
Stanitsa Dinskaya Krasnodar region – the birthplace of my ancestors on the line of my father - the Zaporozhye Cossacks. "Dinskaya" translated into Russian from Ukrainian sounds like "Donskaya". This name of the kuren in the Zaporozhye Sich appeared in the 17th century, when an uprising broke out on the Don under the leadership of Kondrat Bulavin and the Zaporozhye Cossacks went to the aid of the Don Cossacks. And upon their return from the Don, their kuren began to be called "Dinsky", that is, "those who went to help fight in the uprising on the Don", "those who returned from the Don". And when the Cossacks were resettled to the Kuban by kurens, and villages were formed from kurens, then the villages began to be called that after kurens: Dinskaya, Plastunovskaya, etc.
Information for photograph № 1.
1. Zaporozhets Pyotr Nazarovich (born around 1900), local. Kuban Cossack. (The brother of my grandfather Zaporozhets Andrei Nazarovich, my grandfather died in a concentration camp in Poland in 1944).
2. Zaporozhets Praskovya Pavlovna, (born around 1903), wife of Peter Nazarovich, local. Kuban Cossack.
Photo of the early 1920s.
Information for photograph № 2.
1. Marakhovka Marko Vasilievich, 1917 - 1954, local, (ancestors from the village of Plastunovskaya). Kuban Cossack.
2. Marakhovka Ekaterina Pavlovna, 1922 - 1982, wife of Marko Vasilievich. (Presumably - a local, Kuban Cossack).
Photo from the late 1940s.
Information for photograph № 3.
1. (Left) Alexei Nikolaevich Zaporozhets (born 1926), local. Kuban Cossack. (Vasily Andreyevich's cousin).
1. (Right) Vasily Zaporozhets, 1925 - 1981, local. Kuban Cossack. (Author's father).
Photo from the late 1940s.
Information for photographs № 4 – 9.
The Cossacks celebrate Victory Day in the village of Dinskaya, Krasnodar region. Photos from the 1940s - 1980s.
Information for photograph № 10.
Kuban Cossack costume. The photo was taken by V.V. Zaporozhets in the early 2000s at the Kraivedchesky Museum of the village of Dinskaya, Krasnodar region.
Photographs № 1, 2.
Photograph № 3.
Photograph № 4.
Photographs № 5, 6, 7.
Photographs № 8, 9.
Photograph № 10.
1. Zaporozhets 2003 - Zaporozhets V. V. Article "Legends from the village of Dinskaya". "Living Antiquity" magazine, № 2, 2003, P.39-40. (Based on expeditionary materials from the author's archive, recorded in the village of Dinskaya, Krasnodar region.)
2. Zaporozhets 2005 a) - Zaporozhets V. V. Article "The Sign of War". "Living Antiquity" magazine, № 2, 2005, P.16-17. (Based on expeditionary materials from the author's archive recorded in Krasnodar region, Yaroslavl Oblast, Moscow Oblast and Moscow).
3. Zaporozhets 2005 b) - Zaporozhets V. V. Publication of materials in the article by E. A. Samodelova "Folklore of the war years". "Living Antiquity" magazine, № 2, 2005, P.8-13.
4. Zaporozhets 2005 c) - Zaporozhets V. V. Article "People's prayers and conspiracies." Journal "Folk Creativity", № 6, 2005, P.62. (Based on expeditionary materials from the author's archive, recorded in the village of Dinskaya, Krasnodar region).
5. Zaporozhets 2006 a) - Zaporozhets V. V. Article "Novelistic tales and tales of the village of Dinskaya." "Living Antiquity" magazine, № 2, 2006, P.14-17. (Based on expeditionary materials from the author's archive, recorded in the village of Dinskaya, Krasnodar region).
6. Zaporozhets 2006 b) - Zaporozhets V. V. Article "People's prayers". Magazine "Folk Creativity", № 4, 2006, P.10-11. (Based on expeditionary materials from the author's archive, recorded in Moscow and the village of Dinskaya, Krasnodar region).
7. Zaporozhets 2007 - Zaporozhets V. V. Article "Folklore of the war years". Magazine "Folk Creativity", № 2, 2007, P.4. (Based on expeditionary materials from the author's archive, recorded in Moscow and the village of Dinskaya, Krasnodar region).
8. Zaporozhets 2009 a) - Zaporozhets V. V. Article "Holy Letters". "Living Antiquity" magazine, № 1, 2009, P.34-35. (Based on expeditionary materials from the author's archive, recorded in Moscow and the village of Dinskaya, Krasnodar region).
9. Zaporozhets 2009 b) - Zaporozhets V. V. Article "Songs of the Cossacks of the village of Dinskaya, Krasnodar region". "Living Antiquity" magazine, № 1, 2009, P.40-42. (Based on expeditionary materials from the author's archive).
10. Zaporozhets 2010 - Zaporozhets V. V. Article "Etiological legends". "Living Antiquity" magazine, № 4, 2010, P.15. (Based on expeditionary materials from the author's archive, recorded in Moscow and Krasnodar region at the end of the XX and early XXI centuries).
11. Zaporozhets 2011 - Zaporozhets V. V. Article "Wedding ceremony of the Cossacks of the village of Dinskaya, Krasnodar region". "Living Antiquity" magazine, № 2, 2011, P.29 - 33. (Based on expeditionary materials from the author's archive).
12. Zaporozhets 2012 - Zaporozhets V. V. Article "Lullabies of Central Russia". "Living Antiquity" magazine, № 4, 2012, P.51 - 53. (Based on expeditionary materials from the author's archive recorded in the Kimry district of the Tver Oblast, Pereslavl and Poshekhonsky districts of the Yaroslavl Oblast, the Sudogodsky district of the Vladimir Oblast and Krasnodar region).
13. Zaporozhets 2014 - Zaporozhets V. V. Article "Folk etiological stories in modern records." "Living Antiquity" magazine, № 2, 2014, P.24 - 25. (Based on expeditionary materials from the author's archive, recorded in Krasnodar region and Moscow).
14. Zaporozhets 2017 a) - Zaporozhets V. V. Article "Husband-grass snake" (Kuban version of the tale). "Living Antiquity" magazine, № 1 (93), 2017, P.8. (Based on expeditionary materials from the author's archive, recorded in the village of Dinskaya, Krasnodar region in the late 1970s).
15. Zaporozhets 2017 b) - Zaporozhets V. V. Article "Stories about dreams" (the village of Dinskaya, Krasnodar region). "Living Antiquity" magazine, № 1 (93), 2017, P.37 - 38. (Based on expeditionary materials from the author's archive, recorded in 2004).
16. Zaporozhets 2020 - Zaporozhets V. V. Article "Childhood and folklore": records of the 1980s - 2010s. "Living Antiquity" magazine, № 3 (107), 2020, P.41 - 43. (Based on expedition materials from the author's archive, recorded in Moscow, the village of Dinskaya, Krasnodar region and Yaroslavskaya Oblast).
17. SED - Soviet encyclopedic dictionary. Chief editor A.M. Prokhorov. 4th edition, revised and enlarged. M., "Soviet Encyclopedia". 1989. P. 1046. Citation index.
18. Book "Aux origines du monde, Contes et legendes de Russie", Flies France, Paris, 2005. Legends published by V. Zaporozhets in the magazines "Living Antiquity", 2003, are quoted. № 2, P. 39-40.
19. Belova, Kabakova 2014 - The book "At the origins of the world: Russian etiological tales and legends."Compilation and comments by O. Belova and G. I. Kabakova. M., 2014, Institute of Slavic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Publishing house "Forum"/"Neolith". Legends published by V. V. Zaporozhets in the journals "Living Antiquity" are cited. a) "Living Antiquity", 2003, № 2, P. 39 - 40, article "Legends from the village of Dinskaya". b) "Living Antiquity", 2010, № 4, P. 15, article "Etiological legends".
