DAIRY PRODUCTIVITY OF COWS OF DIFFERENT AGES
Аннотация и ключевые слова
Аннотация (русский):
The article presents material on the comparative assessment of milk productivity of Holsteinized black-and-white cows. The age of cows is one of the important physiological factors affecting milk productivity. The purpose of the study is to determine the milk productivity of cows of different ages in JSC "Plemzavod" Dmitrievo "of the Kasimovsky district of the Ryazan Oblast. As a starting material for the research, the information of zootechnical registration was used, obtained in JSC "Plemzavod" Dmitrievo "of the Kasimovsky district of the Ryazan Oblast, where Holsteinized black-and-white cattle are bred. The studies were carried out by grouping animals for each of the studied factors, followed by mathematical processing of digital material. The data obtained on the milk productivity of Holsteinized black-and-white cows of different lactation ages indicate that the maximum milk yield in 305 days is observed in cows in the second lactation (6825 kg of milk, 4.05 and 3.36%), which is 452 kg of milk, 0.05% fat and 0.02% protein more than the average heifer. At the same time, lifelong indicators of milk productivity increase from 1 lactation to 6 lactation and, only 7 lactation, there is a decrease in milk productivity. The highest lifetime milk productivity is observed in cows with six lactations. There are cows in the herd that have milked more than 40 tons of milk. Thus, in JSC "Plemzavoda" Dmitrievo "Kasimovsky district of Ryazan Oblast, Holsteinized black-and-white cows will have the highest lifetime productivity at six lactations.

Ключевые слова:
milk yield, mass fraction of fat, mass fraction of protein, lactation, age of the cow, breed
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Introduction

Currently, the provision of the country's population with dairy products largely depends on the efficiency of dairy farming, the fullest use of its potential [5].

The age of cows is one of the important physiological factors affecting milk production [1,4,10]. The influence of the age of cows on milk production is determined by their individual characteristics. With the general growth and development of the whole organism, especially the mammary gland, the milk production of animals increases. Upon reaching a certain maximum due to the subsequent aging of the body, it begins to fall.

The results of many studies indicate that Holsteinized black-and-white cows can maintain milk productivity at a high level with a long period of use [8, 9].

Purpose of the study - to determine the milk productivity of cows of different ages in JSC "Plemzavod" Dmitrievo "Kasimovsky district of Ryazan Oblast.

Research methods

As a starting material for the research, the information of zootechnical registration was used, obtained in JSC "Plemzavod" Dmitrievo "of the Kasimovsky district of Ryazan Oblast, where Holsteinized black-and-white cattle are bred.

The level of milk yield, mass fraction of fat and protein in milk was established according to the results of monthly control milking for two adjacent days. The milk yield per month was determined by multiplying the daily milk yield of the control milking by the number of days in a month, and the milk yield for 305 days of lactation by the total milk yield per months in accordance with the "Rules for assessing the milk productivity of dairy cows of dairy breeds SNPplem R-23-97".

The mass fraction of fat and protein in milk samples was determined according to the results of monthly control milking in a certified laboratory for selection control of milk quality.

The studies were carried out by grouping animals for each of the studied factors, followed by mathematical processing of digital material.

Research results and their discussion

Table 1 shows data on milk productivity of Holsteinized black-and-white cows of different ages for lactation. The maximum milk yield in 305 days with a high content of mass fractions of fat and protein is observed in cows in the second lactation (6825 kg of milk, 4.05 and 3.36%), which is 452 kg of milk, 0.05% of fat and 0.02% more protein than the average of first-calf cows.

 

Table 1. Milk productivity of cows of different ages

Lactation

Number of heads

Full milk yield, kg

Productivity in 305 days

milk yield, kg

fat

protein

%

kg

%

kg

1

306

6986

6373

4.00

280

3.34

233

2

242

7277

6825

4.05

296

3.36

245

3

122

7073

6773

4.02

285

3.35

237

4

88

7209

6788

4.02

293

3.34

243

5

30

6954

6456

4.00

278

3.34

231

6

23

6794

6167

4.02

274

3.35

228

7

5

6332

5249

4.02

253

3.35

211

 

When comparing the best indicators for 2 lactation with data for 7 lactation with the number of heads -5, then the milk yield in cows decreased by 1576 kg, the content of mass fractions of fat by 0.03% and protein by 0.01%.

One of the main features affecting the breeding process, the quantitative and qualitative growth of the herd, life-long milk yield and economic indicators of the dairy farming industry is the duration of the economic use of cows. The economic life of individual animals under the same conditions of feeding and keeping varies within very wide limits. Some animals reduce fertility and productivity early and, for this reason, are culled from the herd at a relatively young age. At the same time, many animals retain their economic qualities at a high level for a long period and remain in the herd for a long time. Lifetime performance indicators are presented in table 2.

 

Table 2. Lifetime indicators of milk production

Lactation

Number of heads

Period of productive use, days

Lifetime productivity on average

for 1 head, kg

full milk yield

milk yield in 305 days

milk fat

milk protein

1

148

434

7446

6449

298

248

2

130

819

14195

12985

569

480

3

75

1195

20385

19254

811

685

4

63

1593

28625

26925

1149

953

5

19

2001

31259

29292

1249

1029

6

18

2423

39280

37119

1607

1298

7

4

2939

37552

35216

1539

1230

 

Table 2 shows that lifelong indicators of milk productivity increase from 1st lactation to 6th lactation, and only 7th lactation leads to a decrease in milk productivity. The highest lifetime milk productivity is observed in cows with six lactations. This is consistent with the studies carried out by I.P. Baranova [2], N.D. Vinogradova [3], M.V. Kukina [6] and K.S. Mekhtiyeva [7].

There are cows in the herd that have produced more than 40 tons of milk (tab. 3). For example, the cow Sputnik 175 for 5 lactations produced 63897 kg of milk, 2553 kg of milk fat and 2087 kg of milk protein. It should be noted that the milk yield of a younger cow Svetlitsa 2230 for three lactations was 40645 kg of milk, 1569 and 1349 kg of milk fat and protein. Among the best cows in terms of lifelong productivity are mainly daughters of Leningrad breeding bulls Bubenchik 712 bred in "Petrovsky" breeding farm, Peach 3601 bred in "Lesnoye" breeding farm.

 

Table 3. The best cows in terms of lifetime productivity

Name and № of the cow

Date of birth

Name and № of the father

Age in lact.

Lifetime productivity, kg

Milk yield, kg

Fat, kg

Protein, kg

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

808 Murzilka

24.02.07

Graf 4742

5

40413

1649

1326

2230 Svetlitsa

09.02.10

Bubencik712

3

40645

1569

1349

8555 Acacia Ax

08.08.10

Fels 462090

4

40835

1601

1360

100 Nalyvka

10.02.07

Peach 3601

6

41158

1708

1354

2113 Gospozha

07.11.09

Bubencik 712712

4

41192

1664

1368

603 Vyatka

30.11.08

Peach 3601

6

41331

1662

1360

763 Zhdanka

28.01.06

Lazurit 632844

7

41401

1689

1354

2069 Gubka

17.07.09

Drozd 889

5

42710

1696

1409

2158 Cherry

08.12.09

Bubencik 712

4

42788

1699

1421

856 Volzhanka

19.06.06

Lazurit 632844

7

43371

1822

1418

373 Prima

02.03.08

Peach 3601

6

44245

1827

1482

9001 Chrysanthemum

05.05.06

Lazurit 632844

6

44866

1898

1463

235 Rosynka

01.03.08

Peach 3601

6

45056

1793

1496

1608 Zorka

03.10.09

Lombardo 61740360

5

46471

1826

1533

487 Ulovka

05.04.08

Peach 3601

6

47422

1973

1598

31 Mozaika

10.12.07

Peach 3601

6

53479

2177

1760

900 Metelica

29.04.06

Lazurit 632844

6

56846

2410

1876

175 Sputnitsa

03.04.08

Peach 3601

5

63827

2553

2087

 

Thus, in order to improve the economic indicators of the establishment, it is necessary to increase the milk yield not only for lactation, but also for the entire period of the productive life of animals. A high lifetime milk yield characterizes the strength of the constitution, the health and longevity of cows.

Conclusions

Thus, in JSC "Plemzavoda" Dmitrievo "Kasimovsky district of Ryazan Oblast, Holsteinized black-and-white cows will have the highest lifetime productivity at six lactations.

Список литературы

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2. Baranova, I.P. Influence of the age of cows on their milk productivity [Text] / I. P. Baranova//Coll.: Scientific support of agricultural production - works of internat. sci.-pract. conf. - 2014.- P. 138-141.

3. Vinogradova, N.D. Productive longevity of Holsteinized black-and-white cows [Text] / N. D. Vinogradova, R. V. Paderina // Bulletin of the St. Petersburg State Agrarian University.-2014.-№36.-P.71-75.

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6. Kukina, M.V., Influence of the age of cows on milk productivity [Text] / M. V. Kukina, N. D. Vinogradova // In collection: Knowledge of young people for the development of veterinary medicine and the agro-industrial complex of the country.- works of internat. sci.-pract. conf. students, graduate students and young scientists.- 2019.- P. 147-148.

7. Mehtieva, K.S. Influence of the age of black-and-white cows on their milk productivity [Text] / K. S. Mehtieva, T. V. Lepekhina, A. S. Shilyaeva // coll.: Scientific research of higher education.- internat. sci.-pract. conf.- 2019.- P. 62-64.

8. Mungalova, T.N. Influence of the age of cows on their milk productivity [Text] / T.N. Mungalova, M.M. Shkuropatsky // Bulletin of the Altai State Agrarian University. - 2003.-№ 2 (10).- P. 266-268.

9. Omelkova, A. O. Influence of the age of cows on their milk productivity [Text] / A. O. Omelkova // Youth and Science.- 2016.- № 3.- P. 64.

10. Safonov, S.L. Theoretical aspects of the duration of the economic use of cows in dairy cattle breeding [Text] / S. L. Safonov, B. A. Rybkin // Bulletin of the St. Petersburg State Agrarian University.-2011.-№24.-P.99-102

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