Abstract (English):
The article provides information on the impact of recent crises on the economic component of Russia, on its indicators and factors of economic growth, as well as ways of anti-crisis policy for the normal functioning of the entire economy of the state.

Keywords:
Economic growth, labor productivity, long-term growth factors, economic policy, structural shifts

Обеспечение стабильного экономического роста экономики является важной задачей современной Российской Федерации. Некоторые экономические преобразования привели к структурным сдвигам, задерживающих рост экономики, приносящим при этом негативные последствия и снижение макроэкономических показателей. На первый взгляд, показатели экономики России достаточно устойчивы, но в действительности, в России экономическая ситуация складывается не наилучшим образом. Причины начала экономического спада в Российской Федерации обусловлены преимущественно внутренними факторами. Устойчивое и долгосрочное падение темпов роста началось в 2012 году, что было вызвано снижением инвестиционной политики в экономики России. Эта инвестиционная пауза была предопределена тем, что сокращения экспортных доходов, слабости национальной банковской системы корпораций не имели характера изменить внешние кредитные ресурсы внутренними. Также еще одним важным фактором спада послужила ситуация, связанная с падением мировых цен на нефть в 2014 году. Причиной ее появления стало обвальное падение обменного курса рубля, утрата доверия к национальной валюте и резкое повышение процентных ставок. В результате этого резко возросла неопределенность в экономики России, что привело к ограничению отечественного бизнеса в инвестиционной сфере и производственной активности. Ко всему этому, ситуация ухудшалась, введением со стороны западных стран, санкций, которые дополнительно усилили жестокость ресурсных ограничений.[3] Еще один важный скачок экономического роста произошел в апреле 2020 года в связи с коронавирусной инфекцией COVID-19.Мировое промышленное производство испытало очень сильное падение со времен глобального финансового кризиса. Пандемия и карантин нанесли огромный урон российской экономике. Сильно пострадали секторы, которые связанны с потребительским спросом, продажи и услуги. В последние несколько лет именно потребление было основным рычагом роста российской экономики. Также в результате пандемии произошло ослабление рубля и сокращение доходов бюджета.[1] По итогам апреля 2020 года ВВП сократился на 12%, по сравнению с 2019 годом, а количество безработных выросло в два раза (до 8 млн человек), по оценке профсоюзов (рисунок 1). Оборот, связанный с розничной торговлей, упал на 23 %. Это падение связано с обвалом более чем на треть в сегменте непродовольственных товаров. [7] Рис.1 Месячная динамика ВВП за 2019-2020 гг. в % Экономический кризис 2020 года привел к росту безработицы. В службах занятости количество безработных превысило более 2 млн человек в начале апреля, а к концу мая Конфедерация труда России оценивала количество безработных в 8 млн человек, что представлено на рисунке 2: Рис.2 Динамика изменения безработицы в период с 2019 по 2020 гг. В настоящее время существует ряд причин, замедляющих экономический рост, а именно[2]: 1. Недостаточный темп роста денежной массы, что ведет к повышению процентных ставок в экономике; 2. Сокращение темпа роста экспорта, который обусловлен замедлением развития мировой экономики; 3. Рост издержек производства, связанный с увеличением тарифов монополий и реальной заработной платы; 4. Ограничения, которые связаны с недостатком производственных мощностей в определенных отраслях экономики.[6] Рис.3 Восстановление российской экономики после пандемии 2020 По данным рисунка 3 представлена информация положительного восстановления экономики по трем показателям: индекс восстановления; индекс базовых отраслей Росстата, динамика месячного ВВП.[4] Сегодня важной мерой по укреплению и восстановлению экономического роста должен стать фактор обеспечения стабильности валютного курса рубля. Стабильность валютного курса должна обеспечиваться и поддерживаться на заниженном уровне. Еще одной важной мерой антикризисной политики является устойчивое снижение уровня процентных ставок, которое повлечет за собой удешевление оборотного капитала. Одновременно нужно предотвратить рост прямой и косвенной налоговой нагрузки на население и бизнес, а также сохранить потенциал строительного комплекса и частое изменение структуры рынка жилья.[5] В 2020 году России столкнулась с проблемами экономического роста, с продолжительной рецессией, которая обусловлена падением уровня производства, колоссальным падением спроса на товары и услуги, замедлением деловой активности, а также разрывом производственных отношений с другими странами. Но уже сейчас Российская Федерация делает все, чтобы устранить все проблемы, вызванные кризисом не только 2020 года, но и ранее произошедших. Процесс восстановления российской экономики достаточно длительный и сложный, который закончится не раньше 2021 года и приведет к совершенно новой экономике в стране и за ее пределами.

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